Alveolar Ventilation

Question 0

Change in volume for alveoli

Answer 0

Greatest at units at the bottom of the lung; due to the fact that these alveoli have the smallest volume at rest due to the increased intrapleural pressure at the bottom of the thoracic cavity

Question 1

Diseases w/ increased DLco

Answer 1

Asthma-due to uniform bloodflow

Bronchitis-only upper pathways are affected

Hemorrhage- Hb combines w/ CO to raise DLco

Intracardiac shunts

Question 2

Lung Ventilation

Answer 2

Lower part > Top part

*Anatomically relevant to the direction of gravitational force

Question 3

V/Q Units

Answer 3

Underventilated alveolar units due to decreased compliance of the tissue

Question 4

Partial Pressure of Gases

Answer 4

Pa= Fa X Ptotal

Question 5

Barometric Pressure

Answer 5

760mmHg

Question 6

Partial Pressure of N2 and O2 at barometric pressure

Answer 6

N2= (760)(.790)=600mmHg

O2= (760)(.210)=160mmHg

Question 7

Pressures of Inspired Gases

Answer 7

Decreased due to H20=mmHg

Question 8

Inspired O2/Expired CO2

Answer 8

250/200

Question 9

Minute Ventilation

Answer 9

V=Freq X Vt

Question 10

Alveolar Ventilation

Answer 10

Va=Freq(Vt-Vd)

*This equation includes only the air ventilated into the alveoli per minute

Question 11

Respiratory Exchange Ratio

Answer 11

Rate of CO2 output/ Rate of O2 uptake

=0.8

Question 12

Anatomical Dead Space

Answer 12

Volume of air left in large airways

Question 13

Physiological Dead Space

Answer 13

Anatomical Deadspace+ Alveolar Deadspace

Question 14

Measurement of Physiological Dead Space

Answer 14

Vd/Vt=PaCO2-PeCO2/ PaCO2

Pe= Partial pressure of CO2 in expired gas

Pa= Arterial pressure of CO2

Question 15

Rate of Alveolar Ventilation and CO2

Answer 15

Va= K X Vco2/ PaCO2

Question 16

Exercise Effects on PaCO2

Answer 16

Increases both ventilation rate and CO2 therefore PaCO2 is not elevated

Question 17

Alveolar Ventilation and Metabolic Rate

Answer 17

Directly Related

Question 18

Alveolar Ventilation and O2

Answer 18

PaO2= PiO2-PaCO2/ R

PiO2= Partial pressure of inspired O2

PiO2= FiO2 X (Patm-PH20)

Question 19

Alveolar Ventilation and O2 (Room air @ sea level)

Answer 19

PaO2= 150-PaCO2/0.8

Question 20

DLco in chronic bronchitis

Answer 20

Normal; only upper airways are affected

Question 21

Ventilator settings

Answer 21

Should be set higher or lower if the patient has a higher or lower temperature respectively

Question 22

Type I pneumocytes

Answer 22

Mediate gas exchange

Question 23

Type II pneumocytes

Answer 23

Secrete dipalmitoyl poshpatidyl choline