Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

0
Q

Intracellular Buffering

A

Occurs within a few minutes; largely moves H+ in and out of cells where it is titrated by the phosphate buffer and protein buffer systems

*Compensates for respiratory acid-base disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Extracellular Buffering

A

Occurs instantaneously and responds to metabolic disorders

*Works primarily thru the bicarbonate buffer system

[H+]= 24x Pco2/[HCO3-]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Respiratory Buffers

A

Takes several hours to complete; responds by changing the ventilation rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Renal Buffer System

A

Takes several days to complete; responds by altering he amount of H+, HCO3-, and NH4+ secreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

Low [HCO3-]

*By calculating the anion gap, you can perform the differential diagnosis

Increases? => Diabetic ketoacidosis, salicylate poisoning, renal failure

Decreases? => Diarrhea, renal tubular acidosis, hypoaldosteronism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

High [HCO3-]

-Develops by ingestion of antacids, vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

High Pco2

Develops from inadequate ventilation (drug-induced) or impaired gas diffusion (pulmonary edema)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

Reduced Pco2

Develops from stimulation of respiratory centers (drugs, anxiety)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Combined Acid-Base Disorders

A

Acidosis: Decreased ventilation can lead to increased Pco2 AND decreased HCO3

 - Occurs because of increased anaerobic metabolism i.e. lactic acid production  * IRDS, combined respiratory and renal failure

Alkalosis: Hyperventilation with vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly