Hypertension

Question 1

Clinically significant high pressures

Answer 1

Systolic > 139 mmHg

Diastolic > 89 mmHg

Question 2

Malignant Hypertension

Answer 2

rapidly rising BP that if untreated will cause death in 1 to 2 years

• Severe HTN
• Renal failure
• Retinal hemorrhages

Question 3

What does everything in body come back to for physiology regulation?

Answer 3

MAP = CO x TPR

Question 4

Renalvascular hypertension

Answer 4

renal artery stenosis causes decrease in glomerular flow and pressure –> renin secretion

Question 5

Primary hyperaldosteronism

Answer 5

greater than normal amount of aldosterone –> secondary HTN

Question 6

Side Effects of ACE Inhibitors

Answer 6

CATCHH: Cough, Angioedema, Teratotogen, Increase Creatine, Hyperkalemia, Hypotension
*cough is caused because of a build up of bradykinin

Question 7

Side Effects of HCTZ

Answer 7

HyperGLUC (Glycemia, Lipidemia, Uricemia, and Calcemia); also HYPOkalemic metabolic alkalosis and HYPOnatremia

Question 8

Side Effects of Statins

Answer 8

Rhabdomyolysis –> can see myoglobin in urine

Question 9

4 Statin Groups

Answer 9

1. Clinical ASCVD
2. LDL > 190 mg/dL
3. Diabetes and LDL 70-190 mg/dL
4. No ASCVD, Diabetes, but LDL 70-190 mg/dL and risk > 7.5%

Question 10

Evidence of end organ failure

Answer 10

1. Altered mental status
2. flame hemorrhages/papilledema
3. Renal failure
4. cardiomyopathy

Question 11

Cycle caused by HCTZ

Answer 11

HCTZ decreases Na and H2O reabsorption –> low Na causes an increase in renin secretion, which attempts to raise BP by reabsorbing Na and H2O and vasoconstriction –> BP regulation then becomes more dependent on RAS system –> that’s why you use ACE inhibitor for nice synergy

Question 12

Hyaline arteriosclerosis

Answer 12

pink hyaline thickening with associated narrowing of lumen

• plasma protein leakage across injured endothelial cells
• increased smooth muscle cell matrix

Question 13

Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis

Answer 13

vessels exhibit concentric, laminated thickening of the walls with lumen narrowing

Question 14

Hyperthyroidism –> ?

Hypothyroidism –> ?

Answer 14

Systolic HTN –> increased contraction

Diastolic HTN –> vasoconstriction