Hypertension

Question 1

What has to occur to be diagnosed with hypertension?

Answer 1

2 or more readings where the BP is in the “hypertensive” range.

Question 2

True or False: Statins are given to people with liver disease.

Answer 2

False.

Question 3

Risk factors for Atherosclerosis

Answer 3

Low HDL
High LDL
Increased Trigs
Diabetes
Obesity
and others that are self explanatory

Question 4

How do you palpate the carotid arteries during your assessment? (This was a test question)

Answer 4

ONE AT A TIME!! NEVER PALPATE BOTH AT THE SAME TIME.

Question 5

If a patient is on Statins and they report muscle cramping or have elevated liver enzymes, what do you do?

Answer 5

Discontinue the statins.

Question 6

What class of drugs are commonly used for atherosclerosis?

Answer 6

Statins

Question 7

True or False: Smoking contributes to atherosclerosis.

Answer 7

True. Patients should not be smoking.

Question 8

How is hypertension defined?

Answer 8

140/90 if no diabetes. If they have diabetes, 130/90.

Question 9

How do you calculate Cardiac Output?

Answer 9

Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

Question 10

Which is the most common type of hypertension- primary or secondary?

Answer 10

Primary.

Question 11

Secondary Hypertension is caused by what?

Answer 11

Specific diseases and drugs

Question 12

What is a big issue for older adults when it comes to hypertension?

Answer 12

Systolic at 140 or above and Diastolic below 90. This is called Isolated Systolic Hypertension.

Question 13

A patient has morning headaches, blurred vision and dyspnea might have:

Answer 13

Malignant Hypertension. This is usually 200/150 or more. A diastolic of 130 can be classified as malignant hypertension if the patient has other conditions (like diabetes).

Question 14

What is the difference between primary and secondary hypertension?

Answer 14

Primary involves things you can change to fix it. (smoking, obesity, etc) Secondary is caused by specific diseases or drugs.

Question 15

What is THE most common cause of secondary hypertension?

Answer 15

Renal Disease

Question 16

What labs can diagnose kidney disease?

Answer 16

BUN. Also, other abnormalities found in the urine such as protein, rbc’s or pus. Serum creatinine can also indicate kidney disease.

Question 17

Thiazides are contraindicated in…

Answer 17

people with diabetes.

Question 18

What do you want to watch out for in patients taking Verapamil?

Answer 18

Pulse and BP. Discontinue if pulse is less than 60 or BP is less than 100 (systolic).

Question 19

If someone is taking Lisinopril when do you want to discontinue the medication?

Answer 19

If they have a nagging cough.

Question 20

What is the biggest concern for patients taking ACE inhibitors (any drug that ends in “pril”)?

Answer 20

Orthostatic Hypotension

Question 21

What is Vepramil used to treat?

Answer 21

V-Fib and A-Tach. Orthostatic hypotension is a risk here. Teach patients to report dyspnea, orthopnea, jvd or swelling of the extremeties.

Question 22

Do you use atropine in heart block patients?

Answer 22

No.

Question 23

What does Cardizem treat?

Answer 23

PE’s and A-fibs.

Question 24

When giving a patient digoxin what pulse do you assess?

Answer 24

Apical 1 minute before each dose. Hold if 60 or less.