Hypertension Flashcards
What is the target and mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?
Target: angiotensin converting enzyme
Mechanism: inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to II
What is the target and mechanism of calcium channel blockers?
Target: L-type calcium channel
Mechanism: Blocks L-type calcium channels on vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibits calcium influx, causes vasodilation
What is the target and mechanism of thiazide-like diuretics?
Target: sodium-chloride cotransporter in early DCT
Mechanism: reduces Na+ and Cl- reabsorption, reduces water reabsorption
What is the target and mechanism of angiotensin receptor blockers?
Target: AT1 receptors on kidneys and vasculature
Mechanism: antagonist, blocks angiotensin from binding
What is a prodrug?
Requires hepatic activation to generate active metabolites for therapeutic effects
What does the Q-RISK algorithm calculate?
An individual’s risk of having a heart attack or stroke in the next 10 years
What are the parameters for Stage 1 hypertension?
135/85 to 149/94
When would drug treatment be offered if the patient had Stage 1 hypertension?
If patient also has any of the following:
CVD
diabetes
renal disease
CVD risk >10%
What is the first line therapeutic treatment for Stage 2 hypertension?
Drug treatment
What is clearance?
Measure of ability of body to eliminate a drug
What is elimination half-life?
Length of time required for conc of drug to decrease to half of starting dose
What is the difference between amlodipine and felodipine in terms of onset and half-life?
Felodipine has faster onset and shorter half-life
How does felodipine work? What is a common side effect?
Calcium channel blocker
Dose-dependent decrease in BP
Reflex tachycardia
What is the first line drug for patients of African-Caribbean descent or over the age of 55?
Calcium channel blockers
Where does aldosterone act in the kidneys?
Collecting duct
