hyperplasia

Question 1

identify this abnormality

what are the features?

management?

Answer 1

squamous cell papilloma

• epithelial proliferation
• localised
• possible viral involvement
• single lesion, ‘cauliflower appearance’
• treatment
  
  • can leave
  • can excision or cryosurgery

Question 2

identify this abnormality

features?

management?

Answer 2

infective wart (condyloma)

• human papilloma virus
  
  • direct spread from hands (HPV 2&4) or genitalia (HPV 6,11,60)
• labial and lingual mucosa
• treatment :
  
  • excision
  • cryosurgery

Question 3

identify this abnormality

features?

management?

Answer 3

focal epithelial hyperplasia

• HPV 13,32
• numerous symptomless pink papules
• tongue, labial mucosa, buccal mucosa
• treatment
  
  • no need for treatment after diagnosis

Question 4

identify this abnormality

features?

management?

Answer 4

fibroepithelial polyp

• unknown aetiology - possbly trauma related
• fibrous tissue covered with epithelium
  
  • single, pedunculated, smooth surface
• treatment
  
  • if small can leave
  • large can excise

Question 5

identify this abnormality

features?

management?

Answer 5

pyogenic granuloma

• no epithelium covering, ulcerated surface
• bleeds on probing
• painful
• single nodule
• rapid onset
• can be due to hormonal change during pregnancy (pregnancy epulis)
  
  • may recur until baby is delivered
• treatment
  
  • excision
  • known to recur

Question 6

identify this abnormality

Answer 6

pyogenic granuloma on the side of tongue

Question 7

identify this abnormality

features?

management?

Answer 7

peripheral giant cell granuloma

• smooth surface with normal epithelium
• blended in with bone on the gingival margin
• single lesion
• need to radiograph
  
  • can cause resorption of underlying bone
• treatment
  
  • needs to be removed
  • excision

Question 8

identify this abnormality

features?

management?

Answer 8

denture induced hyperplasia

• localised
• made up of fibrous tissue - excess collagen deposition
• ridges, symptomless
• at the periphery of ill fitting, over-extended dentures
• treatment
  
  • relieve denture
    
    • trim back flange of denture with acrylic bur
  • 8 weeks later review
  • excision of excess tissue before making a new denture

Question 9

identify this abnormality

Answer 9

denture induced hyperplasia

Question 10

identify this abnormality

features?

management?

Answer 10

drug induced hyperplasia

• altered metabolism of collagen
• multiple swellings around the gingivae
• can be affected by
  
  • phenytoin for epilepsy
  • ciclosporin - an immunosuppresant
  • nifedipine for angina and high blood pressure
• management
  
  • change medication if possible
  • gingivoplasty

Question 11

identify this abnormality

Answer 11

drug induced hyperplasia

Question 12

identify this abnormality

features?

management?

Answer 12

squamous cell carcinoma

• carcinoma - epithelium cell growth out of control
• single abnormality, rolled margins
• symptomless until they grow larger
• spreads to neck lymph nodes
• treatment
  
  • excision (neck disection)
  • radiotherapy

Question 13

identify this abnormality

features?

management?

Answer 13

salivary gland tumour

• symptomless
• normal overlying mucosa
• treatment
  
  • excision

Question 14

identify this abnormality

features?

management?

Answer 14

bone exostosis - torus mandibularis, torus palatinus

• normal lamellar bone - firm swelling
• has normal overlying mucosa
• no active treatment required