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Neurology > Hyp-Functions > Flashcards

Hyp-Functions Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Posterior Nucleus; function & loc

A 
Sympathetic output (fight or flight)
Thermogenesis

(posterior region)

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2
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Tuberomammillary nucleus; function & loc

A

Histamine sys - Promoting Wakefullness

posterior region

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3
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Fornix

A

memory consolidation
projects from hippocampus to mammillary bodies

(Posterior region of hypothalamus)

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4
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Mammillary body; function

A

memory consolidation

posterior region

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5
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Lateral Hypothalamus; function

A

feeding center
orexin sys - promoting wakefulness & appetite

(posterior region)

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6
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Posterior Region - consists of;

A

Posterior nucleus
Tuberomammillary nuc
Mammillary body
Lateral hypothalamus

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7
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Tuberal Region - consists of;

A

Lateral Hypothalamus
Ventromedial nuc
Arcuate nuc
Dorsomedial nuc

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8
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Ventromedial nuc; function

A

satiety center
contains leptin-sensitive neurons

(tuberal region)

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9
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

leptin

A

increase conc in ventromedial nuc -> cessation of eating

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10
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Dorsomedial nuc; function

A

feeding & body weight regulatio
nmay serve as relay center of energy homeostasis

lesion: feeding & body wt dysfunction

(tuberal region)

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11
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Arcuate nuclesu; function

A 
Secretion of hypophyseal hormones
Feeding behavior (orexigenic & anoretic neurons)

(tuberal region)

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12
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Dorsomedial nucleus; function

A

control feeding & body wt

tuberal region

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13
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Anterior supraoptic region; consists of

A 
Anterior nuc
Suprachiasmatic nuc
Supraoptic nuc
Paraventricular nuc
Lateral hypothalamus
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14
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Anterior nuc; function

A

control of Parasymp
Thermoregulation (dissapation of heat)

(ant supraoptic region)

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15
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Suprachiasmatic nuc; function

A 
Circadian rhythms
(bio clock & modulates pineal gland function)

(ant supraoptic region)

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16
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

how does the suprachiasmatic nuc control circadian rhythms?

A

receives light info from retinal ganglion cellsvia; Retinohypothalamic tract
info relayed via desc symp fibers from hypothal -> intermediolat nuc -> sup cervical ganglia -> pineal gland
Inhibits prod of Melatonin during day
(melatonin = sleep-promoting hormone)

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17
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Paraventricular nuc; function

A 
water retention (vasopressin secreting)
milk letdown, uterine contraction (oxytocin secreting)
control ant pituitary function (ACTH, TSH)

(ant supraoptic region)

18
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

milk letdown & water retention

A

paraventricular nuc
magnocellular neurosec neurons project to Posterior Pituitary;release Oxytocin or Vasporessin (ADH) in to general circulation

Vasopressin - inc water perm in collecting duct, activated by inc in osmolarity, circ levels of angiotensin, dec BP, hypovolemia

Oxytocin - stim of nipple -spinal pathways->hypothalamus = act of these neurons -> Oxytocin release => contraction of myoepithelial cells

19
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

paraventricular nuc; control of Ant Pituitary function

A

parvocellular neurosec neurons project to the median eminence/portal sys to control ant pituitary function;

Corticotropin-RH N - enhance adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Thyrotropin-RH N - enhance thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release
Somatostatin-R N - inhibit growth hormone secretion

20
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Supraoptic nuc; function

A

water retention
milk letdown, uterine mm contraction

(ant supraoptic region)

21
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Supraoptic nuc - how it works

A

paraventricular nucmagnocellular neurosec neurons project to Posterior Pituitary;release Oxytocin or Vasporessin (ADH) to general circulation-

Just like the Paraventricular nuc
(except doesn’t alter secretions of ACTH, TSH, or GH)

22
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Anterior Preoptic region; consists of

A

lateral preoptic nuc
medial preoptic nuc

of telencephalic orgiin, but functionally associated w/ hypothalamus

*only part that the lateral hypothalamus isn’t present

23
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

nucleus basalis of Meyner

A

rich in cholinergic neurons w/ wide projections to neocortex
compromised in Alzheimer disease

located laterally to the Lateral preoptic nuc - the Substancia Inominata
(in the Ant preoptic region)

24
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Lateral preoptic nuc; function

A

Inhibits wakefulness
promotes non-REM sleep

(ant preoptic region)

25
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Medial preoptic nuc; function

A

thermoregulation set point
release of gonadotrophic hormones (into med eminence) & sexual behavior

(ant preoptic region)

26
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

Stria terminalis

A

connects reciprocally the hypothalamus and amygdala

27
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

A

system where factors controlling the hormonal secretion of the Anterior Pituitary gland are released and reach their target via a portal venous system

28
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

supraoptico-hypophyseal tract

A

contains axons from the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei projecting to the posterior pituitary gland

29
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

retinohypothalamic tract

A

carries light info from retinal ganglion cells to the Suprachiasmatic nuc

30
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

dorsal longitudinal fasiculus

A
  1. contains afferent hypothalamic fibers - carring visceral and tast sens; relayed to the hypoth via the solitary and parabrachial nuc

2 contains efferent hypoth fibers innervating; preganglionic parasym neurons, pregang symp neurons in spinal cord, autonomic reg centers in medulla, periaqueductal gray (pain modulation)

31
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

hypophyseal portal system links;

A

the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

allows endocrine signalling between the two structures

32
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

arteris of pituitary gland

A

superior and inferior hypophyseal arteries

33
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

superior hypophyseal artery

A

forms a capillary plexus, primary portal plexus, that penetrates the median eminence and infundibulum

primary portal plexus drains via long portal veins to the secondary portal plexus in the ant pituitary

34
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

inferior hypophyseal artery

A

forms capillary network within the posterior pituitary

venous drainage via hypophyseal veins

35
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

nuclei of Neuroendocrin control

A

paraventricular
supraoptic
arcuate
medial preoptic

36
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

nuclei of Weight Control, Feeding, Drinking

A

ventromedial
lateral hyp
arcuate
dorsomedial

37
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

nuclei of Temp Reg and Fever

A

medial preoptic (thermoreg)
posterior (symp)
anterior (parasymp)

38
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

nuclei of Osmoreg, Water Balance, BP, B volume

A 
posterior (symp)
anterior (parasymp)
paraventricular
supraoptic
CVO's
39
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

nuclei of Reproductive function

A

paraventricular (oxytocin)
supraoptic (oxytocin)
medial preoptic (inc LH and FSH)

40
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions

nuclei of Sleep/Wake cycle

A

suprachiasmatic (circadian)
tuberomammillary (histamine-wakefullness)
ventrolateral preoptic nuc (non-REM sleep)

Neurology (11 decks)

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