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Neurology > Brainstem; Midbrain > Flashcards

Brainstem; Midbrain Flashcards

1
Q

midbrain-pons junction level characterized by

A

1 - decussation of trochlear n. w/in sup medullary velum
2 - narrow cerebral aqueduct (replaces 4thv)
3 - decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle

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2
Q

unilat lesion of the trochlear n

A

diplopia when looking down

ipsilat loss of motor control of superior oblique mm

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3
Q

periaqueductal gray, stimulation of it

A

analgesic effect
act of serotonergic and adrenergic descending pathways that act spinal enkephalin interneurons which block trans of pain info in local spinal dorsal horn circuits

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4
Q

locus ceruleus

A

main source of epinephrine

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5
Q

lateral lemniscus

A

fibers from cochlear and sup olivary nuclei
contains aud info from both ears
terminats; inf colliculus

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6
Q

tectospinal tract

A

origin; sup colliculus
term; high cervical spinal cord
function; reflex of turning head in resp to stimuli

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7
Q

inf colliculus

A

relay for aud info
lateral lemniscus ends here
origin of brachium fibers ->medial geniculate nucleus (MGN)

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8
Q

raphe nucleus

A

ventral part of periaqueductal gray

main source of serotonin

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9
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) decussates in midbrain, SCP consists mainly of

A

cerebellar efferent fibers fr deep cerebellar nuclei that project to contralateral red nucleus and ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus

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10
Q

unilateral lesion of SCP

A

ipsilateral ataxia
hypotonia
dysmetria

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11
Q

cerebral peduncle contains fibers of

A

corticospinal (middle third)
corticobulbar (more medial)
corticopontine

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12
Q

unilat lesion of cerebral peduncle

A

contralat motor deficit in body

contralat drooping of the corner of the mouth

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13
Q

location of the trochlear nucleus

A

midbrain

dorsal to MLF

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14
Q

where do the fibers of the trochlear nuc decussate?

A

superior medullary velum

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15
Q

trochlear n. innervates

A

contralat superior oblique mm

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16
Q

unilat lesion of the trochlear nuc

A

diplopia when looking down

contralat loss of motor control of sup oblique mm

17
Q

input of sup colliculus

A

retina and visual cortices via brachium of sup colliculus

somatosensory and aud inputs

18
Q

output of the sup colliculus

A

to the pulvinar
controls reflex mvmt of orientation of the head via the tectospinal tract
involved in generation of saccadic eye mvmts via cntions w frontal eye field & pontine reticular formation

19
Q

medial geniculate nuclues

A

belongs to the diencephalon
thalamic relay for aud info
recieved inf from inf colliculus via brachium of inf colliculus and relays it to primary auditory cortex (Brodmann areas 41&42) via acoustic radiation

20
Q

brachium of sup colliculus

A

passes dorsally to medial geniculate nucleus

carries info from retina & vis corticis to sup colliculus

21
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle (in midbrain)

A

lateral to red nucleus
many fibers synapse w/in the red nucleus
rest go up to ventrolateral (VL) nuc of thalamus

22
Q

rubrospinal tract (in midbrain)

A

medial and ventral to red nucleus
origin; red nuc
term; C and upper T levels of SC
fun: facilitates distal flexor MN of Upper limbs

23
Q

fasciculus retroflexus (habenulointerpeduncular tract) in midbrain

A

medial to red nuclueus

connects habenula to interpeduncular nuc

24
Q

ventral tegmental area (VTA)

A

rich in dopaminergic neurons that project to nucleus accumbens (mesolimbic pathway) & to prefrontal cortex (mesocortical pathway)

25
Q

red nucleus

A

motor coordination upper limb flexors
inputs: contralat deep cerebellar nuclei (via SCpeduncle)
ipsilat motor cortex
outputs; via central tegmental tract to inf olive for motor neuron

26
Q

substantia nigra

A

belongs to basal ganglia
motor control
1 - pars compacta - melanin-pigmented dopaminergic neurons projection to striatum (parkinsons)
2 - pars reticulata - mostly GABAergic neurons -> to VA of thalamus, sup colliculus, & pedunculopontine nuc

27
Q

unilat lesion of oculomotor nuc

A

ophthalmoplegia
lateral strabismus
ptosis

28
Q

Edinger-westphal nucleus

A

pre-g parasymp fibers -> ciliary ganglia - short ciliary br of V3 -> constrictor mm and ciliary mm (constric of pupil and accomodation of lens)

29
Q

unilat lesion of Edinger-Westphal nuc

A

dilated pupil, loss of lens accomodation to near vision

30
Q

unilat lesion of oculomotor nerve

A 
ophthalmoplegia
lateral or external strabismus
ptosis
dilated pupil
loss of lens accomodation
loss of pupillary light reflex (efferent)
31
Q

oculomotor nerve emerges from

A

ventrally, from interpeduncular fossa

32
Q

pars compacta

A

component of the substantia nigra
contains melanin-pigmented dopaminergic neurons -> striatum
degeneration of these neurons is major pathology in Parkinson’s disease

33
Q

pars reticulata

A

component of substantia nigra
mostly GABAergic neurons projecting to ventral anterior (VA) nuc of the thalamus, sup colliculus, and pedunculopontine nuc

34
Q

pretectal area of the tegmentum of midbrain

A

recieves input from both eyes

invovled in pupillary light reflex

35
Q

posterior commissure

A

connects pretectal areas

36
Q

accessory oculomotor nuclei

A

present in pretectal area of midbrain
several small nuclei along sides of periaqueductal gray
imp for generation of vertical eye mvmt

37
Q

lesion of the accessory oculomotor nuclei

A

deficits in vertical gaze

38
Q

lateral geniculate nucleus

A

thalamic relay for visual info from retina

via optic nerve -> LGN - optic radiation-> primary visual cortex (brodmann area 17)

39
Q

pineal gland

A

melatonin production
reg circadian rhythms
melotonin prod stim by darkness and inhibited by light
melotonin also has an antigonadotropic action

Neurology (11 decks)

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