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hygiene Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis func

A
  • barrier for microbes
  • dryness inhibits microbe growth
  • sebum removes bacteria from hair fillicles
  • acidity retards bacterial growth
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2
Q
  • Scraping/stripping skin
  • excessive dryness
  • excessive moisture
  • alkaline soap
  • friction
A
  • weakens skin
  • causes cracks where microbes can enter
  • maceration which promotes ulcer formation and bacterial growth
  • undoes the acidic benefits
  • loss of stratum corneum which prevents pressure injuries
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3
Q

Skin excretion and secretion

A

sweat promotes heat loss by evaporation
sebum lubricates skin and hair

can sometimes harbor microbes though, so bathing is important

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4
Q

Healthy vs unhealthy nails

A

healthy: transparent, smooth, convex, with pink bed

Unhealthy: caused by inadequate nutrition and disease

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5
Q

xerostomia

A

dry mouth

-meds, radiation, dehydration, and mouth breathing

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6
Q

gingivitis

A

inflation of gums

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7
Q

dental caries

A

tooth decay from interactions bt food and bacteria

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8
Q

What causes unhealthy hair?

A 
hormones
nutrition
emotional or physical stress
aging
infection
some illnesses
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9
Q

cerumen

A

ear wax

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10
Q

Factors affecting hygiene

A

Social practices: influence of friends/fam
Personal preferences: sometimes need to override this
Body image: sometimes changed by surgery/ illness/ change in emotional status
Socioeconomic: can’t afford it
Health beliefs and motivation: motivate them by telling them the risks
Cultural variables: provide info - allow choices
Developmental stage
Physical condition: pain, chronic conditions (tiring), limited mobility

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11
Q

what to do 30 mins before hygiene?

A

analgesic

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12
Q

Developmental stages of the skin

A

neonate: thin, loosly bound, prone to tearing and bruising
toddler: tighter bound layers- more resistant to irritation/infection –> need good hygiene though
adolescence: estrogen makes girls’ soft, smooth, thick, and vascular –> boys’ get thicker and darker–> sebaceous and sweat glands more active –> need more bating
adult: usually elastic, hydrated, firm, and smooth –> gets dryer and thinner as they age (itchy)

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13
Q

Morton’s neuroma

A

common in mid age women

causes burning, numbness, and pain of foot on weightbearing

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14
Q

Who gets feet problems?

A

old ppl –> fucked up sebaceaous glands dry out the feet

ppl with diabetes or decreased peripheral circulation

ppl with bad-fitting shoes

women who use excessive nail polish remover

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15
Q

Mouth development

A

babies start getting teeth at 6-8 months

kids start losing teeth at 6 years old

adults have good teeth usually –> gums get less vascular and elastic in old ppl (makes dentures harder)

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16
Q

Critical thinking model for hygiene assessment

A 
knowledge base
attitiude (be curious and humble)
environment
standards
experience with patient
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17
Q

Poor oral care in patients who’ve had a stroke or have dementia

A

increases risk of aspiration pneumonia

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18
Q

Skin folds

A

esp in overweight patients
imp that they’re kept dry
can use cornstarch to decrease friction and absorb moisture

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19
Q

Dry skin cures

A 
bathe less
use warm water
use air humidifier
drink water
moisturize
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20
Q

Acne cures

A

wash regularly with soap and water
use cosmetics sparingly
maybe dietary restrictions
topical antibiotics if severe

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21
Q

skin rash cures

A

dont itch
wash and apply antiseptic spray/lotion
warm or cold soaks

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22
Q

contact dermititis

A

(inflammation and scarring, oozing, pain)

avoid the causing agent

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23
Q

abrasion cure

A

wash
make sure dressing stays dry
don’t wear rings while dealing with this person

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24
Q

who gets mouth problems?

A
  • upper arm paralysis
  • dehydrated ppl
  • ppl with NG tubes
  • ppl getting chemo or radiation
  • ppl who take hella OTC stuff (sugar)
  • ppl with diabetes melitis
  • ppl on dialysis
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25
who gets skin problems
-immobilized ppl -ppl with casts/masks/ tubes -ppl w/ med tape on skin -obese ppl ppl with nerve damage -ppl with fucked up brains -ppl who don't eat/drink enough ppl with secretions from anywhere -ppl with heart probs
26
glossitis chelitis halitosis edentulous
inflamed tongue cracked lips bad breath without teeth
27
pediculosis capitis | alopecia
head lice hair loss
28
what does red eyes with crusty drainage indicate?
conjunctivitis --> vey contagious
29
risk of broad spectrum antibiotics risk of chemo
opportunistic infection bc normal mouth flora is disrupted mouth ulcers
30
corns
keratosis from friction usually on toes and bony prominences Dont use oval corn pads wear wider softer shoes
31
callus
thickened portion of epidermis from pressure use orthotic devices
32
plantar warts
fungating legions caused by papillomavirus
33
athlete's foot
tinea pedis fungal infection induced by constricting footwear dry, ventilated feet are good
34
Paronchia
inflammation of tissue between nail fold and nail plate soak and apply antibiotics
35
oral mucositis
painful inflammation of oral mucous membranes can happen bc of chemo
36
Nursing diagnoses of hygiene
``` activity intollerance impaired mobility impaired health maintenance impaired skin integrity low self esteem ```
37
sitz bath
cleans and reduces pain and inflammation of perineal and anal areas
38
medicaed baths
oatmeal, cornstarchm or aveeno relieve skin irritation and create antibacterial and drying effect
39
Chlorohexidine gluconate
often added to baths to prevent HAIs
40
complete bed bath
bath administered to a totally dependent patient in bed | turning to expose back causes O2 need
41
partial bed bath
for old, dependent, or unable to reach all body parts -wear clean gloves HAIs are lessened by washing with CHG
42
why are bath basins with soap and water falling out of vogue? alternatives?
reservoirs for bacteria from biofilms from water bacteria 4% CHG in bath basins reduces methilin resistant Staphylococcus aureas (MRSA) 2% CGH impregnated cloths are good esp in ICU --> downside is stickiness Don't rinse off CGH
43
when not to use CGH cloths
inside deep wounds | eyes, ears, face
44
Who needs extra perineal care?
- ppl with incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) - ppl with foley catheters - postpartem women - ppl recovering from rectal or genital surgery - ppl on their period
45
what shouldn't someone with diabetes or peripheral vascular disease do with feet
soak
46
who requires extra oral care?
stroke, trauma to oral cavity, or presence of endotracheal tube 1-2 hrs
47
What to use and what not to use when brushig teeth
12% CGH toothpaste is good small toothbrush is good --> reaches everywhere No fluoride rinse under 6 years old no sponges --> ineffective no lemon-glycerin sponges --> dry out the mouth
48
Unconscious patient oral hygiene
-risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia put in semi-fowler's position use padded tongue blade to keep mouth open --> not fingers tell patient when its over
49
Stomatitis
causes burning pain and change in food and fluid tolerance soft flossing and brushing (maybe no flossing) saline rince in morning, at bedtime, and at meals no smoking, drinking, or mouthwash
50
dentures
imp to clean can cause stomatitis if not cleaned (also candida albicans) store in warm water at night to keep from warping
51
What shampoo to use on lice
pediculicidal shampoo
52
How to avoid pseudofolliculitis barbae
don't pull skin taught don't do close shave don't use bar soap --> dulls razor
53
MDRPI
medical device related pressure injuries from O2 tubes, feeding tubes, NG tubes cushion with dressing and don't put devices over other injuries clean daily
54
What happens if person can't blink?
exposure keratopathy cornea is prone to dehydration, abrasion, perforation, and infection eye patch and possibly eye drops necessary
55
what causes pseudomononas aerufinosa
wearing contacts too long
56
ear irrigation
pull up if over 3; pull down if 3 or younger make sure patient isn't experiencing nasea, pain, or vertigo
57
types of hearing aids
CIC = complete in canal (prone to clogging from cerumen ITE = in the ear (stronger but more noticable) BTE = behind the ear (can be fine tuned)
58
Nose care
wipe outside don't stick q-tip past cotton part replace tape of NG tubes daily
59
Bed positions
Fowlers: head at 45-90 degree --> foot may be raised at knee (eating, NG insertion, nasotracheal suction, easier breathing) Semi-fowlers: 30-45 degree --> foot may be raised at knee ( lung expansion esp ventilator assisted patients, oral care, gastric feedings, reduce regurgitation/aspiration) Trendelenburg: head down; feet up (postural drainage, veinous return) Reverse trendelenburg: head up; feet down (gastric emptying, no esophegeal reflux) --> rare Flat: (vertebral injuries or in cervical traction; hypotensive)
60
Surgical recovery bed
not mitered or tucked at corners | folded to one side or to bottom third of bed
61
Through patient's eyes
seeing how they feel about treatment provided sometimes takes time for ppl to feel better aft hygiene

Fundamentals of Nursing (13 decks)

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