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Fundamentals of Nursing > hygiene > Flashcards

hygiene Flashcards

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1
Q

Epidermis func

A
  • barrier for microbes
  • dryness inhibits microbe growth
  • sebum removes bacteria from hair fillicles
  • acidity retards bacterial growth
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2
Q
  • Scraping/stripping skin
  • excessive dryness
  • excessive moisture
  • alkaline soap
  • friction
A
  • weakens skin
  • causes cracks where microbes can enter
  • maceration which promotes ulcer formation and bacterial growth
  • undoes the acidic benefits
  • loss of stratum corneum which prevents pressure injuries
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3
Q

Skin excretion and secretion

A

sweat promotes heat loss by evaporation
sebum lubricates skin and hair

can sometimes harbor microbes though, so bathing is important

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4
Q

Healthy vs unhealthy nails

A

healthy: transparent, smooth, convex, with pink bed

Unhealthy: caused by inadequate nutrition and disease

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5
Q

xerostomia

A

dry mouth

-meds, radiation, dehydration, and mouth breathing

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6
Q

gingivitis

A

inflation of gums

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7
Q

dental caries

A

tooth decay from interactions bt food and bacteria

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8
Q

What causes unhealthy hair?

A 
hormones
nutrition
emotional or physical stress
aging
infection
some illnesses
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9
Q

cerumen

A

ear wax

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10
Q

Factors affecting hygiene

A

Social practices: influence of friends/fam
Personal preferences: sometimes need to override this
Body image: sometimes changed by surgery/ illness/ change in emotional status
Socioeconomic: can’t afford it
Health beliefs and motivation: motivate them by telling them the risks
Cultural variables: provide info - allow choices
Developmental stage
Physical condition: pain, chronic conditions (tiring), limited mobility

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11
Q

what to do 30 mins before hygiene?

A

analgesic

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12
Q

Developmental stages of the skin

A

neonate: thin, loosly bound, prone to tearing and bruising
toddler: tighter bound layers- more resistant to irritation/infection –> need good hygiene though
adolescence: estrogen makes girls’ soft, smooth, thick, and vascular –> boys’ get thicker and darker–> sebaceous and sweat glands more active –> need more bating
adult: usually elastic, hydrated, firm, and smooth –> gets dryer and thinner as they age (itchy)

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13
Q

Morton’s neuroma

A

common in mid age women

causes burning, numbness, and pain of foot on weightbearing

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14
Q

Who gets feet problems?

A

old ppl –> fucked up sebaceaous glands dry out the feet

ppl with diabetes or decreased peripheral circulation

ppl with bad-fitting shoes

women who use excessive nail polish remover

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15
Q

Mouth development

A

babies start getting teeth at 6-8 months

kids start losing teeth at 6 years old

adults have good teeth usually –> gums get less vascular and elastic in old ppl (makes dentures harder)

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16
Q

Critical thinking model for hygiene assessment

A 
knowledge base
attitiude (be curious and humble)
environment
standards
experience with patient
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17
Q

Poor oral care in patients who’ve had a stroke or have dementia

A

increases risk of aspiration pneumonia

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18
Q

Skin folds

A

esp in overweight patients
imp that they’re kept dry
can use cornstarch to decrease friction and absorb moisture

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19
Q

Dry skin cures

A 
bathe less
use warm water
use air humidifier
drink water
moisturize
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20
Q

Acne cures

A

wash regularly with soap and water
use cosmetics sparingly
maybe dietary restrictions
topical antibiotics if severe

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21
Q

skin rash cures

A

dont itch
wash and apply antiseptic spray/lotion
warm or cold soaks

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22
Q

contact dermititis

A

(inflammation and scarring, oozing, pain)

avoid the causing agent

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23
Q

abrasion cure

A

wash
make sure dressing stays dry
don’t wear rings while dealing with this person

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24
Q

who gets mouth problems?

A
  • upper arm paralysis
  • dehydrated ppl
  • ppl with NG tubes
  • ppl getting chemo or radiation
  • ppl who take hella OTC stuff (sugar)
  • ppl with diabetes melitis
  • ppl on dialysis
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25
Q

who gets skin problems

A

-immobilized ppl
-ppl with casts/masks/ tubes
-ppl w/ med tape on skin
-obese ppl
ppl with nerve damage
-ppl with fucked up brains
-ppl who don’t eat/drink enough
ppl with secretions from anywhere
-ppl with heart probs

26
Q

glossitis
chelitis
halitosis
edentulous

A

inflamed tongue
cracked lips
bad breath
without teeth

27
Q

pediculosis capitis

alopecia

A

head lice

hair loss

28
Q

what does red eyes with crusty drainage indicate?

A

conjunctivitis –> vey contagious

29
Q

risk of broad spectrum antibiotics

risk of chemo

A

opportunistic infection bc normal mouth flora is disrupted

mouth ulcers

30
Q

corns

A

keratosis from friction
usually on toes and bony prominences

Dont use oval corn pads
wear wider softer shoes

31
Q

callus

A

thickened portion of epidermis from pressure

use orthotic devices

32
Q

plantar warts

A

fungating legions caused by papillomavirus

33
Q

athlete’s foot

A

tinea pedis

fungal infection induced by constricting footwear

dry, ventilated feet are good

34
Q

Paronchia

A

inflammation of tissue between nail fold and nail plate

soak and apply antibiotics

35
Q

oral mucositis

A

painful inflammation of oral mucous membranes

can happen bc of chemo

36
Q

Nursing diagnoses of hygiene

A 
activity intollerance
impaired mobility
impaired health maintenance
impaired skin integrity
low self esteem
37
Q

sitz bath

A

cleans and reduces pain and inflammation of perineal and anal areas

38
Q

medicaed baths

A

oatmeal, cornstarchm or aveeno

relieve skin irritation and create antibacterial and drying effect

39
Q

Chlorohexidine gluconate

A

often added to baths to prevent HAIs

40
Q

complete bed bath

A

bath administered to a totally dependent patient in bed

turning to expose back causes O2 need

41
Q

partial bed bath

A

for old, dependent, or unable to reach all body parts
-wear clean gloves
HAIs are lessened by washing with CHG

42
Q

why are bath basins with soap and water falling out of vogue?

alternatives?

A

reservoirs for bacteria from biofilms from water bacteria

4% CHG in bath basins reduces methilin resistant Staphylococcus aureas (MRSA)
2% CGH impregnated cloths are good esp in ICU –> downside is stickiness
Don’t rinse off CGH

43
Q

when not to use CGH cloths

A

inside deep wounds

eyes, ears, face

44
Q

Who needs extra perineal care?

A
  • ppl with incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD)
  • ppl with foley catheters
  • postpartem women
  • ppl recovering from rectal or genital surgery
  • ppl on their period
45
Q

what shouldn’t someone with diabetes or peripheral vascular disease do with feet

A

soak

46
Q

who requires extra oral care?

A

stroke, trauma to oral cavity, or presence of endotracheal tube

1-2 hrs

47
Q

What to use and what not to use when brushig teeth

A

12% CGH toothpaste is good
small toothbrush is good –> reaches everywhere

No fluoride rinse under 6 years old
no sponges –> ineffective
no lemon-glycerin sponges –> dry out the mouth

48
Q

Unconscious patient oral hygiene

A

-risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia

put in semi-fowler’s position

use padded tongue blade to keep mouth open –> not fingers

tell patient when its over

49
Q

Stomatitis

A

causes burning pain and change in food and fluid tolerance

soft flossing and brushing (maybe no flossing)
saline rince in morning, at bedtime, and at meals

no smoking, drinking, or mouthwash

50
Q

dentures

A

imp to clean

can cause stomatitis if not cleaned (also candida albicans)

store in warm water at night to keep from warping

51
Q

What shampoo to use on lice

A

pediculicidal shampoo

52
Q

How to avoid pseudofolliculitis barbae

A

don’t pull skin taught
don’t do close shave
don’t use bar soap –> dulls razor

53
Q

MDRPI

A

medical device related pressure injuries
from O2 tubes, feeding tubes, NG tubes
cushion with dressing and don’t put devices over other injuries
clean daily

54
Q

What happens if person can’t blink?

A

exposure keratopathy
cornea is prone to dehydration, abrasion, perforation, and infection
eye patch and possibly eye drops necessary

55
Q

what causes pseudomononas aerufinosa

A

wearing contacts too long

56
Q

ear irrigation

A

pull up if over 3; pull down if 3 or younger

make sure patient isn’t experiencing nasea, pain, or vertigo

57
Q

types of hearing aids

A

CIC = complete in canal (prone to clogging from cerumen

ITE = in the ear (stronger but more noticable)

BTE = behind the ear (can be fine tuned)

58
Q

Nose care

A

wipe outside
don’t stick q-tip past cotton part
replace tape of NG tubes daily

59
Q

Bed positions

A

Fowlers: head at 45-90 degree –> foot may be raised at knee (eating, NG insertion, nasotracheal suction, easier breathing)

Semi-fowlers: 30-45 degree –> foot may be raised at knee ( lung expansion esp ventilator assisted patients, oral care, gastric feedings, reduce regurgitation/aspiration)

Trendelenburg: head down; feet up (postural drainage, veinous return)

Reverse trendelenburg: head up; feet down (gastric emptying, no esophegeal reflux) –> rare

Flat: (vertebral injuries or in cervical traction; hypotensive)

60
Q

Surgical recovery bed

A

not mitered or tucked at corners

folded to one side or to bottom third of bed

61
Q

Through patient’s eyes

A

seeing how they feel about treatment provided

sometimes takes time for ppl to feel better aft hygiene

Fundamentals of Nursing (13 decks)

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