Hydrotherapy Flashcards
Hydrotherapy comes from what words
Hydro - water
therapeia - healing
Enumerate physical properties of water
Specific heat and thermal conductivity
Buoyancy
Resistance
Hydrostatic Pressure
amt of energy that we need to inc temp of a given weight of a material by a given no. of degrees
specific heat
unit of specific heat
joules per gram per deg.
– ability of one material to transfer the heat via conduction
thermal conductivity
unit of thermal conductivity
(cal/sec)/ (C/cm)
specific heat and thermal conductivity of water
SH: 4.19
TC: 0.0014
specific heat and thermal conductivity of air
SH: 1.01
TC: 0.000057
Water: air ratio
SH: 4.14
TC: 24.56
temperature to use for acute inflammation
cool
temp for exercise, acute inflammation if cant tolerate cold
tepid
temp for open wounds, medically-compromised pts, decrease tone
neutral warmth
temp to increase mobility of burns
mild warmth
temp for pain control
hot
temp to increase tissue extensibility, chronic conditions
very hot
temp that should not be used
> 43C or >110 F
principles of buoyancy
Archimedes’ principle
Specific gravity
principle that states when a body is immersed in fluid at rest, it creates an upward thrust equal to the amount of fluid displaced
Archimedes’ principle
corresponds to density of material: density of water ratio
specific gravity
formula of density
mass/ volume
Specific gravity of pure water
1
Specific gravity of salt water
1.024
Specific gravity of ice
0.917
specific gravity of air
0.00121
specific gravity of average human body
0.974
specific gravity of subcutaneous fat
0.85
relation of specific gravity to pure water
greater than 1 - sink
less than 1- float
higher sog
easier to float like salt water
When you try to swim in the water, you feel ____ against body.
resistance
resistance in water is due to
viscosity of a liquid –> friction b/w molecules of water
Factors of resistance
Larger Surface area, higher resistance
Faster you move, higher resistance
Law of hydrostatic pressure
Pascal’s law
a fluid exerts equal pressure on all surfaces of a body at rest at a given depth
Pascal’s law
Hydrostatic pressure is deeper
in LE (foot)
Physiologic Effects of hydrotherapy
Cleansing effects
Musculoskeletal effects
Thermal effects
Cardiovascular effects
Respiratory Effects
Renal Effects
Psychological Effects
Cleansing effects of hydrotherapy
- Pressure to remove debris (from wound)
- Dissolved surfactants and anti-microbials in water
Musculoskeletal effects
- Decreased weight-bearing (assistive)
- Strengthening (resistive)
- Effects on bone density loss
- Less fat loss (vs other exercises)
Percentage weight bearing on C7, xiphisternum, ASIS
C7- 10
Xiphisternum - 25 to 30
ASIS - 50
Thermal effects
Cold
* Decreases metabolism
* Pain relief
* Controls inflammation
Hot
* Relaxes muscle
* Increases flexibility
* Improves circulation (VD effects)
* Increases tissue extensibility
Cardiovascular effects
- inc venous circulation
- inc cardiac volume
- inc cardiac output
- dec heart rate, systolic BP, rate of 02 uptake (VO2)
Respiratory Effects
dec vital capacity
inc work of breathing
dec exercised-induced asthma
Renal Effects
Diuresis (make u urinate more frequently)
inc Na+ and K+ excretion (reduces edema)
increase in renal blood flow decreases
release of ADH (aldosterone)
hormone that trigger production of urine
adh (aldosterone)
Physiological effects
Relaxing (warm) energizing (Cool)
Uses of Hydrotherapy
- Sup heating/ cooling (convection, conduction)
- pain control (thermal effects)
- edema control (hydrostatic pressure)
- water exercises (buoyancy)
- wound care (commonly used during debridement - cleansing of wound)
Contraindications for Local Immersion Hydrotherapy
- Maceration around a wound
o Excessive softening of tissue
o Results more to skin breakdown - Bleeding
Precautions for Local Immersion Hydrotherapy
- Impaired sensation
- infection
- impaired cognition
- recent skin grafts
Precautions for Full Body Immersion Hydrotherapy
- Confusion, disorientation
- alcohol ingestion
- limited strength, endurance or balance
- medications for CV disease
- urinary incontinence
- fear of water
- respiratory compromise
Contraindications for Full body Immersion Hydrotherapy
Cardiac instability
infections spread in water
bowel incontinence
severe epilepsy
suicidal patients
Application techniques
whirlpool
Contrast bath
exercise pool
non immersion irrigation devices
Effects of Hydrotherapy
Drowning
burns. fainting, bleeding
hyponatremia (c extensive wound burns) - salt water
Infection (add anti-microbials in water)
aggravation of edema in UE
Asthma exacerbation
part of whirlpool that allow flow of air through tube
butterfly valve
resp for creating water output together c air, creating turbulence
turbine ejection
used to move the entire turbine on left/ right side
throttle
holds the entire turbine to the tank/ point of attachment
suspension bracket
whirlpool types
Hubbard - full body immersion
extremity- distal extremity
high boy- mid thoracic, doesnt allow full LE ext
low boy- mid thoracic allows full LE ex
duration of tx
20-30
effect in contrast bath
pumping effect
temp in contrast bath
o Warm water: 38-43 C (100-110F)
o Cold water: 13-18C (55-65F) –
procedure of contrats bath
hot (3-4 mins)
Cold (1-2 mins)
repeat cycle for 20-30 mins
Last immersion usual in contrast bath
end with warm water
Last immersion some reference
Acute to subacute: cold water
Subacute to chronic: hot water
hydrotherapy application that is Larger; To optimize cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and psychological effects (effects only applicable to full body immersion)
exercise pool
temp of exercise pool
26-360 C
common - tepid
Warm: 34-36C for low-intensity exercises
Cool: 26-29C for more intense exercises
o Sprays water to open wound
- Non-immersion irrigation devices
- Non-immersion irrigation devices pressure
4-15 psi
o Pulsatile irrigation device → delivers fluid at controlled pressure + removes contaminated fluid (via suction=
pulsed lavage
recommended safety measures
o A room temperature of 25-30C with relative humidity of 50% is recommended
o Check electrical safety of machine and wires
o Do not run the turbine without the water
Commonly contaminated parts:
- Bottom of the tank/ pool
- Overflow pipes
- Agitators
- Thermometer
o Can sometimes immersed thermometers - Edges of the tank/pool
- Drainage
documentation
- Hydrotherapy using <tank/pool> x <temperature> x <duration> x <exercise done, if applicable> x <body part> to <rationale></rationale></duration></temperature>
