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Neuro > Brainstem (Internal Anatomy) > Flashcards

Brainstem (Internal Anatomy) Flashcards

1
Q

medulla oblongata connects the ____ superiorly and the ____ inferiorly

A

pons superiorly
cervical spinal cord inferiorly

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2
Q

continuous with anterior median fissure of SC

A

anterior median fissure of medulla oblongata

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3
Q

swelling on each side of median fissure

A

pyramids

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4
Q

pyramids are bound laterally by

A

ventrolateral sulcus

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5
Q

Pyramids carry ___ and ____ tracts to SC

A

lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts

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6
Q

pyramids carry ____ fibers in brainstem

A

corticobulbar fibers

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7
Q

emerge from the anterior median fissure and pass laterally over the surface of medulla to enter the cerebellum

A

anterior external arcuate fibers

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8
Q

anterior external arcuate fibers arise from arcuate nuclei at ____ and pass around the lateral surface to enter the ____

A

base of medulla, inferior cerebellar peduncle

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9
Q

posterolateral to the pyramids

oval elevations produced by underlying inferior olivary nuclei

A

olives

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10
Q

rootlets of ____ emerge from the groove between the pyramds and olives

A

hypoglossal nerve

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11
Q

posterior to the olives; connect medulla to cerebellum

A

inferior cerebellar peduncles

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12
Q

roots of ______, _____ and rootlets of ______ emerge lateral to the olives

A

glossopharyngeal, vagus
rootlets of accessory nerves

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13
Q

part of medulla oblongata that forms the lower part of the floor of the 4th ventricle

A

posterior surface of the superior half of the medulla

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14
Q

sulcus found in the posterior surface of the inferior half of the medulla

A

posterior median sulcus

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15
Q

what do you find on each side of posterior median sulcus

A

gracile tubercle

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16
Q

lateral to the gracile tubercle

A

cuneate tubercle

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17
Q

level of pyramidal decussation somatotopically organized

A

LE more lateral
UE medial

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18
Q

corticospinal fibers that convey impulses to the neck and UE cross first

A

lateral corticospinal tract

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19
Q

levels of medulla

A

Caudal half: pyramidal decussation, decussation of lemnisci

Rostral half: level of olives, level just inferior to pons

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20
Q

superiorly, the ____ occupy and form the pyramid

A

corticospinal fibers

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21
Q

inferiorly, about 90% of the corticospinal fibers decussate and continue down the lateral funiculus as

A

lateral corticospinal tract

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22
Q

posterior extensions of the central gray matter

A

nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus

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23
Q

becomes continuous with the inferior end of the nucleus of the spinal tract of trigeminal nerve

A

substantia gelatinosa

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24
Q

level of sensory decussation

A

level of lemnisci decussation

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25
Q

inferior half of medulla

crossing of second order neuron of the posterior column- medial lemniscus pathway

A

level of lemnisci decussation

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26
Q

decussation of lemnisci occurs ____ to the central gray matter, ____ to the pyramids

A

anterior to the central gray matter

posterior to the pyramids

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27
Q

axons of neurons in the dorsal column nuclei travel ventromedially as _____ and cross to the opposite side to form the ____

A

internal arcuate

medial lemniscus

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28
Q

dorsolateral position in medulla

lies lateral to the internal arcuate fibers

A

spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve (spinal trigeminal nucleus)

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29
Q

spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve descends to

A

c3 level of sc

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30
Q

sensations in spinal tract and nucleus of trigeminal nerve

A

exteroceptive sensations (pain, temp, light touch) from ipsilateral face

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31
Q

lateral to lemnisci decussation

A

lateral spinothalamic tract
anterior spinothalamic tract
spinotectal tract = spinal lemniscus

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32
Q

anterolateral region of lemnisci decussation

A

spinocerebellar tract
vestibulospinal tract
rubrospinal tract

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33
Q

oval elevations produced by underlying inferior olivary nuclei

A

olives

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34
Q

gray matter shaped like crumped bag with mouth directed medially

responsible for the olives

A

olivary nuclear complex

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35
Q

principal nucleus, medial accessory olivary nucleus and dorsal accessory olivary nucleus

A

inferior olivary nucleus

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36
Q

cells of the inferior olivary nucleus send fibers medially across the midline to enter the cerebellum through the

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

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37
Q

afferent fibers of olivary nuclear complex

A

spino-olivary tracts, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex

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38
Q

olivary nuclear complex is associated with

A

voluntary muscle movement

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39
Q

Vestibular nuclear complex consists of

A
  1. medial vestibular nucleus
  2. inferior vestibular nucleus
  3. lateral vestibular nucleus
  4. superior vestibular nucleus
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40
Q

vestibular nuclear complex is seen at this level

A

medial and inferior

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41
Q

anterolateral aspect of the inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

anterior cochlear nucleus

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42
Q

posterior aspect of peduncle lateral to the floor of the 4th ventricle

A

posterior cochlear nucleus

43
Q

the common nucleus of the efferent fibers for glossopharyngeal (CN IX)- stylopharyngeus and vagus (CN X) nerves - pharyngeal muscles for swallowing and laryngeal muscles

large motor neurons

deep within the reticular formation

A

Nucleus Ambiguus

44
Q

medial to lateral structures in the level of olives

A

Hypoglossal nucleus
Dorsal nucleus of vagus
Nucleus of tractus solitarius
medial and inferior vestibular nuclei

45
Q

anterior surface of pyramids

A

arcuate nuclei

46
Q

arcuate nuclei receive afferents from cerebral cortex and send efferents to the cerebellum through

A

anterior external arcuate fibers

47
Q

arcuate nuclei control

48
Q

contain corticospinal and some corticonuclear fibers

49
Q

anterior of medulla is separated by the

A

anterior median fissure

50
Q

fibers emerge from the decussation of the lemnisci and send afferents to thalamus

A

medial lemniscus

51
Q

flattened tract on each side of the midline posterior to the pyramid

A

medial lemniscus

52
Q

posterolateral corner in the level of olives

lateral to 4th ventricle

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

53
Q

small tract on each side of the midline posterior to the media lemniscus and anterior to the hypoglossal nucleus

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus

54
Q

pathway that connects the nuclei involved in eye movements ( CN III, IV, VI) to each other and to the vestibular nuclei for horizontal and conjugate eye movement

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus

55
Q

rotates as it ascends from medulla to pons

On the most anterior part of the tegmentum, long axis is transverse

A

medial lemniscus

56
Q

medial lemniscus is accompanied by

A

spinal and lateral lemnisci

57
Q

lies posterior to the lateral part of the medial lemniscus

A

facial nucleus

58
Q

fibers of facial nerve wind around the abducens nucleus producing the ____

A

facial colliculus

59
Q

beneath the floor of the 4th ventricle on either side of midline

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)

60
Q

main pathway connecting vestibular nuclei with nuclei controlling EOMs (oculomotor, trochlear, abducens)

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)

61
Q

fibers derived from cochlear nuclei and nuclei of trapezoid body

run transversely in anterior part of tegmentum

crossing auditory fibers

A

trapezoid body

62
Q

pontine nuclei

63
Q

trapezoid body crosses what fibers

64
Q

terminate in pontine nuclei

A

corticopontine fibers of crus cerebri

65
Q

transverse section through the cranial part
- contains what nuclei

A

trigeminal

66
Q

posterolateral to the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

A

superior cerebellar peduncle

67
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle is joined by the

A

anterior spinocerebellar tract

68
Q

largest cerebellar pedunle, carry mainly inputs

A

middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis)

69
Q

inputs to cerebellum from the pontine nuclei

A

pontocerebellar tracts (from corticopontine fibers to pontine nuclei)

70
Q

midbrain developmental

A

mesencephalon

71
Q

midbrain connects the pons and cerebellum with the

72
Q

midbrain long axis inclines anteriorly as it ascends through the

A

tentorial notch

73
Q

midbrain is traversed by

A

cerebral aqueduct

74
Q

exits the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III)

A

interpeduncular fossa

75
Q

emerges from the dorsal aspect of midbrain, curves around, and appears at the lateral borders of the cerberal peduncles

A

trochlear nerve

76
Q

passes under the cerebral peduncles before the peduncles disappear into the substance of the cerebral hemispheres

A

optic tract

77
Q

rounded eminences divided to superior and inferior pairs by vertical and transverse groove

A

corpora quadrigemina (quadrigeminal plates)

78
Q

superior and inferior colliculi transmits what information

A

superior colliculi - visual
inferior - auditory

79
Q

merge midline below the inferior colliculi

wind around the lateral aspect of midbrain to enter the lateral wall of cavernous inus

A

trochlear nerve

80
Q

pass from superior colliculus to lateral geniculate body and the optic tract

A

superior brachium

81
Q

connects the inferior colliculus to the medial geniculate body

A

inferior brachium

82
Q

structures included in tectum tegmentum, basis pedunculi

A

tectum - quadrigeminal plates
tegmentum - main portion, ascending and descending tracts, reticular nuclei and other nuclear masses
basal pedunculi - cerebral peduncles (substantia nigra, crus cerebri)

83
Q

pigmented nuclear mass between dorsal surface of cerebral peduncle and tegmentum

A

substantia nigra

84
Q

cerebral aqueduct is surrounded by

A

central gray matter (periaqueductal gray matter)

85
Q

contains superior and inferior colliculi

86
Q

part of auditory pathway

receives terminal fibers of lateral lemniscus

A

inferior colliculus

87
Q

in the central gray matter close to the median plane just posterior to the MLF (medial longitudinal fasciculus)

A

trochlear nucleus

88
Q

trochlear nucleus decussate in the

A

superior medullary velum

89
Q

large motor nucleus between tegmentum and crus cerebri

A

substantia nigra

90
Q

medium sized multipolar neurons that contain melanin and is concerned with muscle tone

A

substantia nigra

91
Q

separates crus cerebri from tegmentum

A

substantia nigra

92
Q

medial fibers of crus cerebri

A

frontopontine fibers

93
Q

lateral fibers of crus cerebri

A

temporopontine

94
Q

large nucleus that is part of the visual reflexes

A

superior colliculus

95
Q

superior colliculus is connected to the lateral geniculate body by

A

superior brachium

96
Q

the afferent pathway for the light reflex ends in the

A

pretectal nucleus

97
Q

after relaying in the pretectal nucleus, the fibers pass the PSY nucleus of oculomotor nerve

A

Edinger -Westphal nucleus

98
Q

situated in the central gray matter close to the median plane just posterior to MLF

A

oculomotor nucleus

99
Q

oculomotor nucleus fibers pass anteriorly though the ___ to emerge on the medial side of the crus cerebri in the interpeduncular fossa

A

red nucleus

100
Q

medial, spinal, and trigeminal lemnisci form a curved band posterior to substantia nigra but the

A

Lateral lemnisci does not extend to this level

101
Q

rounded mass between the cerebral aqueduct and substantia nigra

A

red nucleus

102
Q

has presence of iron containing pigment in the cytoplasm

A

red nucleus

103
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum) decussates at the level of the

A

inferior colliculi at midbrain

Neuro (16 decks)

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