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Neuro > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebellum

A

integrates massive sensory and other inputs from the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

cerebellum participate in

A

motor planning

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3
Q

cerebellum relationship with LMNs

A

no direct connection

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4
Q

cerebellum is found in

A

posterior cranial fossa

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5
Q

cerebellum is covered superiorly by

A

tentorium cerebelli = infratentorial

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6
Q

cerebellum is posterior to what structures

A

4th ventricle
pons
upper medulla

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7
Q

cerebellum is connected to the post aspect of the brainstem by

A

sup, mid, and inf cerebellar peduncles

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8
Q

cerebellum form what structure

A

roof of 4th ventricle

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9
Q

deepest fissure of cerebellum

A

primary fissure

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10
Q

what fissure separates anterior and middle (POST) lobe

A

primary fissure

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11
Q

fissure that separates the middle lobe from flocculonodular lobe

A

uvulonodular fissure (posterolateral fissure)

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12
Q

along the margin of the cerebellum that separates the superior from inferior surfaces

A

horizontal fissure

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13
Q

3 main lobes of cerebellum

A

anterior lobe, middle (post) lobe, fiocculonodular lobe

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14
Q

on the superior surface and separated from middle (post) lobe by the primary fissure

A

anterior lobe

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15
Q

largest lobe

A

middle (posterior) lobe

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16
Q

lobe between the primary and uvulonodular fissure

A

middle (post lobe)

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17
Q

herniate through the foramen magnum in cases of increased intercranial pressure

A

cerebellar tonsil

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18
Q

cerebellar tonsil herniation cause death via compression of

A

medullary respiratory centers

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19
Q

3 functional subdivisions

A

vermis, flocculonodular lobe, cerebellar hemispheres

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20
Q

influences movement of long axis of the body (neck, shoulder, thorax, abdomen,a nd hips)

A

vermis

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21
Q

balance and vestibulo-ocular reflex

A

flocculonodular lobe

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22
Q

zones of cerebellar hemisphere

A

intermediate and lateral zone

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23
Q

immediately lateral to the vermis; control muscles of distal part of limbs

A

intermediate zone

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24
Q

planning of sequential movements of entire body; conscious assessment of movement occurs

A

lateral zone

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25
Q

functions of each functional division of the cerebellum

A

lateral hemispheres - motor planning for extremities

intermediate hemispheres - distal limb coordination

Vermis - proximal limb and trunk coordination

flocculonodular lobe - balance and vestibulo-occular reflexes

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26
Q

gray and white of cerebellum

A

outer gray (cortex), inner white

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27
Q

small ridges that run from medial to lateral surface of the cerebellum (leaves)

A

folia

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28
Q

3 layers (outer to inner)

A

molecular layer
purkinje cell layer
granular layer

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29
Q

molecular layer contains what cells

A

stellate (outer)
basket (inner)

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30
Q

purkinje cell layer contains what type of neuron

A

large golgi type 1 neuron

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31
Q

flask-shaped, arranged in a single layer

A

purkinje cell layer

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32
Q

describe branches of purkinje cell layer

A

primary, secondary are smooth
subsequent are covered by short thick dendritic spines

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33
Q

purkinje cell layer terminates by synapsing with

A

intracerebellar nuclei

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34
Q

small cells with densely staining nuclei and scanty cytoplasm

A

granular cell

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35
Q

each granular cell gives rise to how many dendrites

36
Q

axons of granular cell pass through molecular layer and bifurcates at

A

T junction

37
Q

branches running parallel to the long axis of the folium

run at right angles to the dendritic processes of the purkinje cells

synapse with spinous process of dendrites of purkinje cells

A

parallel fibers

38
Q

dendrites ramify in molecular layer and axons terminate with dendrites of granular cells

A

golgi cells

39
Q

intracerebellar nuclei consist of (lat to med)

A

Dont Eat Greasy Food

Dentate
Emboliform
Globose
Fastigial

40
Q

composed of large, multipolar neurons with branching dendrites

A

intracerebellar nuclei

41
Q

receive collateral fibers of cerebellar inputs on their way to the

A

cerebellar cortex

42
Q

all outputs from cerebellum are relayed by

A

cerebellar nuclei

43
Q

largest intracerebellar nuclei

A

dentate nucleus

44
Q

interior of dentate nucleus is filled with white matter efferents that leave the nucleus to form

A

superior cerebellar peduncle

45
Q

dentate nucleus receive projections from

A

lateral cerebellar hemisphere

46
Q

dentate nucleus is active when

A

before voluntary movement

47
Q

ovoid shape and medial to the dentate

A

emboliform nucleus

48
Q

consists of one or more rounded cell groups medial to the emboliform nucleus

49
Q

emboliform and globose is collectively known as

A

interposed nuclei

50
Q

interposed nuclei (emboliform and globose) receive input from

A

intermediate part of cerebellar hemisphere

51
Q

interposed nuclei (emboliform and globose) is active when

A

during and in relation to movement

52
Q

intracerebellar nuclei that is close to the roof of 4th ventricle

A

fastigial nucleus

53
Q

fastigial nucleus receive input from

A

vermis (more) and flocculonodular lobe

54
Q

white matter in vermis and cerebellar hemisphere

A

small amount in vermise, increase in cerebellar hemisphere

55
Q

group of white matter that doesnt leave cerebellum and connects different regions within the organ

56
Q

greater group of white matter which proceed to cerebellar cortext

57
Q

output group of white matter

58
Q

efferent group starts off as

A

axons of purkinje

59
Q

cerebellar peduncles

A

superior cerebellar peduncle = brachium conjunctivum

Middle = brachium pontis

Inferior = resitiform body

60
Q

cerebellar peduncles decussates at the level of

A

inferior colliculi

61
Q

cerebellar peduncle inputs what

A

superior - output from cerebellum
middle and inferior - input

62
Q

2 kinds of synaptic inputs to cerebellum

A

climbing fibers
mossy fibers

63
Q

synaptic inputs to cerebellum are excitatory to

A

purkinje fibers

64
Q

terminal fibers of olivocerebellar tract

A

climbing fibers

65
Q

1 climbing fiber:

A

10 purkinje cells

66
Q

1 purkinje cell:

A

1 climbing fiber

67
Q

arise from numerous origins

terminal fibers of all other cerebellar afferent tracts

A

mossy fibers

68
Q

1 mossy fiber:

A

thousand of purkinje cells through granule cells

69
Q

other cells of cerebellar cortex (inhibitory interneurons)

A

stellate
basket
golgi

70
Q

center of a functional unit of cerebellar cortex

A

purkinje cells

71
Q

stellate cells terminate on

A

purkinje cell dendrites

72
Q

basket cells terminate on

A

purkinje cell body

73
Q

receive excitatory inputs from the granule cell paralell fibers in the molecular layer

shorten the durtion of excitatory inputs to the granule cell

A

golgi cell

74
Q

excited by synaptive inputs from granule cell then give rise to processes that run in rostro caudal direction, perpendicular to the parallel fibers

lateral inhibition of adjacent purkinje cells and narrow the spatial extent of excitatory inputs to purkinje cells

A

stellate and basket

75
Q

In intracerebellar nuclear mechanisms, afferents come from

A

inhibitory axons of purkinje cells
excitatory aoxns from climbinga nd mossy fibers passing to the cortex

76
Q

cerebellar cortical NT

A

Glutamate - excitatory; climbing and mossy fibers to dendrites of purkinje cells

Norepinephrine and serotonin- modify the action of glutamate on purkinje cells

77
Q

rough somatotopic organization, with ipsi body represented in both anterior and posterior lobes

A

cerebellar input pathways

78
Q

cerebellar input pathways is carried by

A

mossy fibers and climbing fibers (olivocerebellar fibers)

79
Q

pathways from cerebral cortex

A

corticopontocerebellar
cerebro-olivocerebellar
cerebroreticulocerebellar

80
Q

cerebral cortex control what

A

voluntary movement

monitor and adjust muscle activity

81
Q

pathway that gives rise to mossy fiberd

A

corticopontocerebellar pathway

82
Q

spinocerebellar fibers from spinal cord

A

anterior (ventral) spinocerebellar tract
posterior (dorsal)
cuneocerebellar
rostral spinocerebellar

83
Q

functions of spinocerebellar tracts

A

Anterior spinocerebellar
- convey info from MS, Tendon organs, and joint receptors of UE and LE

Posterior
- trunk and LE

cuneocerebellar
- UE and neck

Vestibulocerebellar fibers
- info about position of head and body in space
- orienting the eyes during movement

84
Q

main outflow from cerebellum

A

axons from cerebellar nuclei

Neuro (16 decks)

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