Brainstem (Surface Anatomy) & Fourth Ventricle

Question 1

Brainstem consists of

Answer 1

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

Question 2

Brainstem occupies what fossa

Answer 2

posterior cranial fossa

Question 3

what junction is found in the rostral boundary of the brainstem

Answer 3

midbrain- diencephalic junction

Question 4

what junction is found in the caudal boundary of brainstem

Answer 4

cervicomedullary junction

Question 5

where is the caudal boundary of the brainstem located

Answer 5

at level of foramen magnum and pyramidal decussation

Question 6

function of brainstem

Answer 6

conduit for ascending and descending tracts to the higher centers in the forebrain

contains reflex centers (ass for respiration, CV functions, consciousness)

contains nuclei of CN III - XII

Question 7

cerebellum is attached to the ____ surface of the pons and upper medulla

Answer 7

posterior surface

Question 8

division of brainstem

Answer 8

tectum - roof
tegmentum - covering
basis - most ventral

Question 9

tectum is only in

Answer 9

midbran = superior and inferior colliculus

Question 10

tegmentum is ventral to the

Answer 10

cerebral aqueduct in midbrain

4th ventricle in pons and medulla

Question 11

make up the main bulk of brainstem nuclei and reticular formation

Answer 11

Tegmentum

Question 12

most ventral portion of brainstem

Answer 12

basis

Question 13

large collections of fibers making up the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts like

Answer 13

basis

Question 14

found on the ventral surface of midbrain

Answer 14

cerebral peduncles
interpeduncular fossa

Question 15

found on the dorsal surface of midbrain

Answer 15

tectum - superior and inferior colliculi

Question 16

found on ventral surface of pons

Answer 16

transverse fibers, convex

Question 17

pons is limited dorsally by the

Answer 17

4th ventricle

Question 18

Dorsolaterally, pons are attached to the cerebellum by the

Answer 18

superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncles

Question 19

found on ventral surface of medulla

Answer 19

pyramids, rostral medulla (olives - inferior olivary nuclei, just lateral to the pyramids)

Question 20

found on the dorsal surface of medulla

Answer 20

caudal medulla (inferior olivary nuclei no longer seen but posterior columns and their nuclei are seen)

Question 21

floor of 4th ventricle

Answer 21

pons to rostral medulla

Question 22

bumps on floor of 4th ventricle

Answer 22

Facial colliculi

Question 23

are formed by the CN XII nucleus and the dorsal motor nucleus of CN X

Answer 23

hypoglossal trigone and vagal trigone

Question 24

Fourth ventricle joins the ____ superiorly which runs through the midbrain

Answer 24

cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of sylvius)

Question 25

Caudally, fourth ventricle drains into the subarachnoid space via ____ (lateral) and _____ (medial)

Answer 25

Foramen of Luschka (lateral) and foramen of Magendie (medial)

Question 26

laterality of the hypoglossal trigone and vagal trigone

Answer 26

hypoglossal trigone (medially) and vagal trigone (laterally)

Question 27

sensory and motor nuclei are demarcated by the

Answer 27

sulcus limitans

Question 28

along the lateral wall of the 4th ventricle, sulcus limitans divides the motor nuclei ______ and sensory nuclei ________

Answer 28

motor nuclei ventromedially
sensory nuclei dorsolaterally

Question 29

list down the cranial nerves

Answer 29

I Olfactory
II Optic
III Oculomotor
IV Trochlear
V Trigeminal
VI Abducens
VII Facial
VIII Vestibulocochlear
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus
XI Accessory Spinal
XII Hypoglossal

Question 30

mnemonic if a cn is sensory or motor

Answer 30

some scientist make money but by brother says B B make more

Question 31

what cn are parasympathetic

Answer 31

III, VII, IX, X

Question 32

CN that only exits dorsally

Answer 32

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Question 33

shallow, diamond-shaped depression on the dorsal surface of the pons and medulla oblongata that forms the floor of the fourth ventricle

Answer 33

rhomboid fossa

Question 34

what are the medullary surface landmarks

Answer 34

Posterior median fissure
hypoglossal fissure
vagal trigone

Question 35

what is the floor of the 4th ventricle

Answer 35

rhomboid fossa

Question 36

continuation of the posterior median sulcus of SC

Answer 36

posterior median fissure

Question 37

protuberance of hypoglossal nucleus

Answer 37

hypoglossal trigone

Question 38

lateral to hypoglossal trigone

protuberance of dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve

Answer 38

Vagal trigone

Question 39

pontine part of the floor

subependymal bundle of facial nerve winding around the abducens nucleus

Answer 39

Facial colliculus

Question 40

between rostral and caudal parts of the floor

fiber bundle coursing laterally

surface landmark of arcuatocerebellar bundle form arcuate nucleus of medulla to cerebellum

Answer 40

stria medullaris

Question 41

thin layer of tissue suspended between the superior cerebellar peduncles along with the inferior medullary velum

Answer 41

anterior medullary velum

Question 42

structures in the roof of 4th ventricle

Answer 42

anterior medullary velum, cerebellum, choroid plexus of 4th ventricle

Question 43

structures in floor of 4th ventricle

Answer 43

facial colliculus
stria medullaris

Question 44

lateral boundaries of 4th ventricle

connects cerebellum and midbrain

Answer 44

brachium conjunctivum (SCP)

Question 45

lateral boundaries of 4th ventricle

connects medulla and cerebellum

Answer 45

restiform body (ICP)

Question 46

lateral boundaries of 4th ventricle

surface markings of gracile and cuneate nuclei

Answer 46

gracilis and cuneate tubercles

Question 47

lateral boundaries of 4th ventricle

lateral angles of 4th ventricle

Answer 47

lateral recess