Brainstem (Surface Anatomy) & Fourth Ventricle Flashcards
Brainstem consists of
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
Brainstem occupies what fossa
posterior cranial fossa
what junction is found in the rostral boundary of the brainstem
midbrain- diencephalic junction
what junction is found in the caudal boundary of brainstem
cervicomedullary junction
where is the caudal boundary of the brainstem located
at level of foramen magnum and pyramidal decussation
function of brainstem
conduit for ascending and descending tracts to the higher centers in the forebrain
contains reflex centers (ass for respiration, CV functions, consciousness)
contains nuclei of CN III - XII
cerebellum is attached to the ____ surface of the pons and upper medulla
posterior surface
division of brainstem
tectum - roof
tegmentum - covering
basis - most ventral
tectum is only in
midbran = superior and inferior colliculus
tegmentum is ventral to the
cerebral aqueduct in midbrain
4th ventricle in pons and medulla
make up the main bulk of brainstem nuclei and reticular formation
Tegmentum
most ventral portion of brainstem
basis
large collections of fibers making up the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts like
basis
found on the ventral surface of midbrain
cerebral peduncles
interpeduncular fossa
found on the dorsal surface of midbrain
tectum - superior and inferior colliculi
found on ventral surface of pons
transverse fibers, convex
pons is limited dorsally by the
4th ventricle
Dorsolaterally, pons are attached to the cerebellum by the
superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncles
found on ventral surface of medulla
pyramids, rostral medulla (olives - inferior olivary nuclei, just lateral to the pyramids)
found on the dorsal surface of medulla
caudal medulla (inferior olivary nuclei no longer seen but posterior columns and their nuclei are seen)
floor of 4th ventricle
pons to rostral medulla
bumps on floor of 4th ventricle
Facial colliculi
are formed by the CN XII nucleus and the dorsal motor nucleus of CN X
hypoglossal trigone and vagal trigone
Fourth ventricle joins the ____ superiorly which runs through the midbrain
cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of sylvius)
Caudally, fourth ventricle drains into the subarachnoid space via ____ (lateral) and _____ (medial)
Foramen of Luschka (lateral) and foramen of Magendie (medial)
laterality of the hypoglossal trigone and vagal trigone
hypoglossal trigone (medially) and vagal trigone (laterally)
sensory and motor nuclei are demarcated by the
sulcus limitans
along the lateral wall of the 4th ventricle, sulcus limitans divides the motor nuclei ______ and sensory nuclei ________
motor nuclei ventromedially
sensory nuclei dorsolaterally
list down the cranial nerves
I Olfactory
II Optic
III Oculomotor
IV Trochlear
V Trigeminal
VI Abducens
VII Facial
VIII Vestibulocochlear
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus
XI Accessory Spinal
XII Hypoglossal
mnemonic if a cn is sensory or motor
some scientist make money but by brother says B B make more
what cn are parasympathetic
III, VII, IX, X
CN that only exits dorsally
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
shallow, diamond-shaped depression on the dorsal surface of the pons and medulla oblongata that forms the floor of the fourth ventricle
rhomboid fossa
what are the medullary surface landmarks
Posterior median fissure
hypoglossal fissure
vagal trigone
what is the floor of the 4th ventricle
rhomboid fossa
continuation of the posterior median sulcus of SC
posterior median fissure
protuberance of hypoglossal nucleus
hypoglossal trigone
lateral to hypoglossal trigone
protuberance of dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
Vagal trigone
pontine part of the floor
subependymal bundle of facial nerve winding around the abducens nucleus
Facial colliculus
between rostral and caudal parts of the floor
fiber bundle coursing laterally
surface landmark of arcuatocerebellar bundle form arcuate nucleus of medulla to cerebellum
stria medullaris
thin layer of tissue suspended between the superior cerebellar peduncles along with the inferior medullary velum
anterior medullary velum
structures in the roof of 4th ventricle
anterior medullary velum, cerebellum, choroid plexus of 4th ventricle
structures in floor of 4th ventricle
facial colliculus
stria medullaris
lateral boundaries of 4th ventricle
connects cerebellum and midbrain
brachium conjunctivum (SCP)
lateral boundaries of 4th ventricle
connects medulla and cerebellum
restiform body (ICP)
lateral boundaries of 4th ventricle
surface markings of gracile and cuneate nuclei
gracilis and cuneate tubercles
lateral boundaries of 4th ventricle
lateral angles of 4th ventricle
lateral recess
