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BIO202 > Hydrophilic x Hydrophobic > Flashcards

Hydrophilic x Hydrophobic Flashcards

1
Q

Cholesterol is the starting substrate for all hydro_____ hormones

A

PHOBIC. What is the starting substrate for, Aldesterone, Testosterone, Progesterone, and cortisol?

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2
Q

What is the second substrate of Testosterone?

A

Progesterone is the second substrate of _______

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3
Q

Hydrophobic receptors are ___cellular

A

Intracellular receptors respond to hydro______ hormones

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4
Q

Lipid-soluble, water-insoluble means

A

Hydrophobic means

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5
Q

Water-soluble, lipid-insoluble means

A

Hydrophilic means

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6
Q

Most steroid hormones end in _______

A

-one, and -ol, are common endings for ______

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7
Q

What are 3 common catecholamines?

A

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine are all _______

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8
Q

What are 2 common indolamines?

A

Melatonin and serotonin are both ________

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9
Q

What are two common types of monoamines?

A

Catecholamines and Indolamines are both ______

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10
Q

Which of the following are NOT secreted by the adrenal glands? Monoamines, peptides, steroids?

A

Peptides are not secreted by what glands, unlike monamines and steroids?

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11
Q

Monoamines are derived from ________

A

Single amino-acids are the precursors to ________

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12
Q

Peptides are derived from ________

A

CHAINS of amino-acids are the precursors to ________

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13
Q

OT, ADH, releasing and inhibiting hormones, and anterior pituitary hormones are all ________

A

Peptides include these 1, 2, 3 and 4

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14
Q

Peptides and glycoproteins are secreted by _______

A

The pituitary and the hypothalamus are know to secrete ________

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15
Q

Tyrosine is an _______ and produces _______

A

The monoamines, Dopamine, Epinephrine and Norepinephrine are all derived from the amino acid _______

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16
Q

Monoamines and peptides are hydro_______

A

What are the two classes of hormones that are hydrophilic?

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17
Q

Which gland secretes melatonin?

A

The pineal body is responsible for the secretion of ______

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18
Q

Hydrophilic hormones target ______ on the _______ of the cell

A

Membrane bound receptors on the outside of the cell are targeted by hydro_____ hormones

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19
Q

How do cholesterol derived hormones get into the cell?

A

Simple diffusion is the method in which ______ hormones get into the cell.

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20
Q

T. What is specificity in terms of hormones?

A

T/F Hormones can only act on cells that have receptors for the hormones

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21
Q

T. What is saturation in terms of hormones?

A

T/F A cell can only activate as many hormones as it has receptors for. It can’t activate 30 if it only has 10, regardless of # of present hormones.

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22
Q

Hydrophilic hormones are (un)bound in the blood but (un)bound in the cell

A

hydro______ hormones are free in the blood but bound in the cell

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23
Q

Hydro______ hormones use second messenger activation

A

second_________ _________ is used by hydrophilic hormones

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24
Q

Hydro___ hormones are bound to transport proteins

A

________ _______ are bound to hydrophobic hormones

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25
Q

Regarding speed, what is the order for hormones, starting with fastest. Hydrophilic, Paracrine, Hydrophobic.

A

Paracrine, Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic is the order for hormones regarding speed starting with the fastest or slowest?

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26
Q

Neurons effects are _______ and _________

A

Applied quickly and end shortly are the effects of ________

27
Q

Hydrophilic hormones effects are _______ and _________

A

Applied quickly and last long are the effects of ________

28
Q

Hydrophobic hormones effects are _______ and _________

A

Applied slowly and last long are the effects of ________

29
Q

Hydro_____ hormones alter gene expression

A

Hydrophobic hormones alter _________

30
Q

Hydro____ hormones produce new proteins

A

Hydrophobic hormones do what to proteins?

31
Q

Hydro____ hormones have an effect on existing proteins that are already in the cell

A

Hydrophilic hormones do what to proteins?

32
Q

The cell bodies of the neuroendocrine cells that secrete into the portal system are found in the _______

A

The hypothalamus is where the cell bodies of the neuroendocrine cells that secrete into the ________ _______ are found

33
Q

T/F Releasing hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and result in the secretion of other hormones.

A

False

34
Q

Insulin helps in the process of ________

A

Glycogenesis is aided by the hormone _______

35
Q

Glucagon helps in the process of _________

A

Gluconeogenesis is aided by the hormone _______

36
Q

Melatonin helps regulate _________ and _________ rhythms

A

What helps regulate circadian and circannual rhythms?

37
Q

What hormone helps activate mature white blood cells (T-lymphocytes)?

A

Thymosin from the Thymus helps activate _______

38
Q

What are the secondary sex characteristics of males and what hormone contributes to them?

A

body hair, muscle mass, and bone mass are ______ ______ _____ of males. Testosterone contributes to them.

39
Q

What are the secondary sex characteristics of females and what hormone contributes to them?

A

menstrual cycle, hips, breasts are ______ ______ _____ of females. Estrogen contributes to them.

40
Q

Progesterone is important during _______

A

During pregnancy ________ is an important hormone

41
Q

In which type of diabetes is insulin present but not effective?

A

In type two diabetes, insulin is _________

42
Q

In which type of diabetes is insulin not produced

A

In type one diabetes, insulin is _________

43
Q

The direct cause of Cushing’s disease is _______

A

Hypersecretion of cortisol is the direct cause of ________

44
Q

The underlying cause of Cushing’s disease can be ________ or _________

A

Excess ACTH or steroid medications can be the underlying cause for ________

45
Q

Congenital Hypothyroidism is also called __________

A

Cretinism is also called ___________

46
Q

Cretinism is a disease that affects ________

A

Babies in the womb can be affected by _________ if there is lack of iodine in maternal diet

47
Q

Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone due to underdevelopment of thyroid gland defines the disease

A

Cretinism is defined by _____________

48
Q

Middle aged women with a history of autoimmune disorders are the three risk factors for _________

A

What are the three risk factors of grave’s disease?

49
Q

Tweaker crack head (crazy skinny, bug eyes, anxiety, tachycardia, munchies) are the symptoms of________

A

The symptoms of grave’s disease due to hypersecretion of t3 and t4 are ________

50
Q

The opposite of graves disease is ________

A

Goiter is the opposite of _____________

51
Q

Middle aged female smokers who dont season their food are the three risk factors for ________

A

What are the three risk factors for goiter?

52
Q

What is the direct cause of goiter?

A

Lack of iodine needed to make T3 and T4 results in ______

53
Q

What is the underlying cause of goiter?

A

The hypothalamus sending too much TRH to the anterior pituitary, and the anterior pituitary sending too much TSH to the Thyroid is the underlying cause of _______

54
Q

Prominent jaw, thick facial features, large hands and feet, delayed puberty are all symptoms of __________

A

Symptoms of gigantism (in children), acromegaly (in adults) are _________

55
Q

The target tissue of calcitonin is _______

A

Bone is the target tissue of _________

56
Q

The target tissue of PTH is _______

A

The kidneys, intestines, and bone are the target tissues of __________

57
Q

vital for life, only produces steroid hormones (Mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoids) describes the _______

A

adrenal cortex

58
Q

not vital for life, produces epinephrine and NE

A

adrenal medulla

59
Q

Hormones are of the adrenal glands are referred to as _____glycemic

A

Hyperglycemic hormones include the hormones of the adrenal _________

60
Q

Which adrenal hormones are not hyperglycemic hormones?

A

mineralocorticoids/aldosterone are the only adrenal glands that are not ______

61
Q

Glucocorticoids (Cortisol and Cortisone) deal with _____ term stress

A

long term stress is dealt with by the ___________ cortisol and cortisone

62
Q

epinephrine and norepinephrine deal with _______ term stress

A

short term stress is dealt with by the ___________ epinephrine and norepinephrine

63
Q

What happens when you have angiotensin without aldosterone?

A

Vasoconstriction will take place but with urine out put, blood pressure will return to previous levels in the presence of ________ without ________

64
Q

______ secretes ________ which promotes Na+ uptake by kidneys

A

Adrenal cortex secretes aldosterone which _______

BIO202 (9 decks)

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