hydrogen ions and acids and bases science Flashcards
what is an acid
an acid is below a 7 on the ph scale and produce hydrogen ions
H+
what is a base
a base is above a 7 on the pH scale and accepts hydrogen ions
OH-
what is pH
a measure of the acidity of a solution, usually measured on a scale of 0 to 14
what is a salt
A salt consists of the positive ion (cation) of a base and the negative ion (anion) of an acid.
what is electrolysis
electric currants going through a liquid to cause chemical, change
what is a Fuel Cell
A fuel cell uses the chemical energy of hydrogen or other fuels to cleanly and efficiently produce electricity
what is Cation
a positively charged atom
what is Anion
a negatively charged atom
properties of hydrogen
1.coularless
2.tasteless
3.oderless
4.non-toxic
5.highley combustion
word equation for combustion of hydrogen
H2 + 1 2 O2 −→ H2O + 286, 000 joules
explain octet rule
the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell
explain green hydrogen production
it is obtained through electrolysis
risk of hydrogen as an energy supply
highlry comustable
benefits of hydrogen as a energy supply
-sustainable
-efficient
-lighter than traditional sustanibity methods
what is an alkali
a base that dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH greater then 7
what is neutralization reaction
a netuzation reaction happens when you combied an acid and a base resulting in a salt and water
what is valance shell and where is it located
they are the outer layer of the atom and contribute to and electrical charge
three ways hydrogen can be produced
-electrolysis
-fossil fuels
-biomass
what is an indictor
substances that change colour when they are added to acidic or alkaline solutions
what is an ion
an ion is a atom that has a charge
what is proton
a positively charged ion
what is neutron
a netruley charged ion
what is an electron
a negatively charged ion
equation for the reaction within a hydrogen fuel cell
2h2
List the properties of acids
List examples of anions
-Oxide
-fluoride
-chloride
Explain what makes an ion positively or negatively charged
An ion is a particle like an atom that has lost or gained electrons giving it a charge being either positive or negtive
List the properties of bases
-bitter
-soupy to touch
-can conduct
the purpose of pH indicators
to tell weather substances is acidic or alkali an how much if so
Recall the general equation for the reaction of a metal and an acid
acid + metal → salt + hydrogen.
Recall the general equation for the reaction of a carbonate and an acid
Acid + Metal Carbonate → Metal Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water
Recall the general equation for neutralisation reactions
acid + base = salt + water.
Describe the process of electrolysis of water
split water into oxygen and hydrogen with the help of electricity
Write the word equation for the electrolysis of water
H20 > H2 + 02
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of green hydrogen production
easier
better for the envermnet \
requieses enerfy
List examples of cations
-sodium
-calcium
-magnesium
different types of pH indicators
-universal indicator
-ph probe
-litmus
Define pH
A measure of how acidic or basic a substance or solution is
