Hydrocarbons

Question 1

Aliphatic

Answer 1

Broad class of hydrocarbons, including straight or branched chains or rings of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Doesn’t include aromatics.

Question 2

Alkanes

Answer 2

Part of the aliphatic class of hydrocarbons, alkanes are a family of hydrocarbons in which there are only single bonds between carbon atoms. General formula is CnH2n+2. Ex: octane, C8H18

Question 3

Alkenes

Answer 3

Part of the aliphatic class of hydrocarbons, alkenes are a family of hydrocarbons in which there are one or more double bonds between carbon atoms. General formula is CnH2n. Ex: ethane, C2H4

Question 4

Alkyl Branch

Answer 4

Branch consisting of only carbon and hydrogen atoms Ex: methyl -CH3

Question 5

Alkynes

Answer 5

Part of aliphatic class of hydrocarbons, alkynes are a family of hydrocarbons in which there are one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms. General Formula is C n H 2n-2 for example, ethyne

Question 6

Aromatics

Answer 6

Class of organic compounds containing benzene or a chemical structure similar to benzene’s ring-like shape.

Question 7

Catalytic Reforming

Answer 7

Term for a process that takes a naphtha (gasoline) fraction and forces it to undergo a reaction, converting its molecules into aromatic gasoline molecules (a purer form of gasoline).

Question 8

Complete Combustion

Answer 8

Reaction involving burning a substance with enough oxygen that oxides of the substance will be formed. The products of a complete combustion reaction are water vapour and carbon dioxide. CxHy + O2 => CO2 + H2O

Question 9

Cycloalkanes

Answer 9

Cyclic hydrocarbons (have a closed-ring structure) containing only single bonds between carbon atoms. General formula CnH2n.

Question 10

Fractionation

Answer 10

Technological process in which components of crude oil are physically separated by means of their differences in boiling points.

Question 11

Fractions

Answer 11

Products in the fractionation process, identified by their boiling-point range or by the approximate number of carbon atoms in the component molecules.

Question 12

Homologous Series

Answer 12

Series of compounds having similar structures. Each member is distinguished from the following by a constant unit (e.g. CH2)

Question 13

Hydrocarbons

Answer 13

Compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 14

Hydrocracking

Answer 14

A process that combines catalytic cracking and hydrogenation to break down heavy feedstock into purer fractions such as gasoline.

Question 15

Hydrogenation

Answer 15

Addition reaction where hydrogen is added to an unsaturated hydrocarbon in order to reduce the number of multiple bonds. Ex: C2H4 + H2 => C2H6

Question 16

Incomplete Combustion

Answer 16

Reaction where not enough oxygen is present to facilitate the production of the oxides of the substance; most of the time, incomplete combustion reactions result in products of any combination of carbon (soot), carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, as well as water vapour and energy. CxHy + O2 => CO2 + CO + C + H2O

Question 17

Organic Chemistry

Answer 17

Branch of chemistry dealing with compounds of carbon (except oxides and ionic compounds containing carbon – e.g. carbonate, cyanide, carbide).

Question 18

Refining

Answer 18

The term for the process that uses chemical and physical methods to break down complex substances into simpler, “near-pure” components.

Question 19

Saturated Hydrocarbons

Answer 19

Carbon-hydrogen compounds which contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 20

Structural Isomers

Answer 20

Compounds that have different chemical structures.