Hydrocarbon Derivatives

Question 1

Hydrocarbon Derivatives

Answer 1

Molecular compound of carbon which includes, usually, hydrogen and at least one other element (e.g., organic halides or alcohols).

Question 2

Functional Group

Answer 2

Class of compounds where all the compounds have a characteristic arrangement of atoms or bonds that gives the compounds similar properties.

Question 3

Organic Halides

Answer 3

Organic compounds where one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms. Ex: chloroethane, C2H5Cl

Question 4

Substitution Reaction

Answer 4

Method of creating alkyl halides from hydrocarbons by reaction with a halogen, Br2(l) or hydrogen halide, HBr(g) . These reactions require energy, often on the form of UV light, to occur. Ex: CH4 + Cl2 => CH3Cl + HCl – slow reaction.

Question 5

Addition Reaction

Answer 5

Reaction of unsaturated hydrocarbons with small molecules such as hydrogen, bromine or water. End result is a saturated molecule. Ex: but-1-ene + bromine => butane **fast reaction

Question 6

Hydroxyl Group

Answer 6

Name referring to the functional group of alcohols, -OH.

Question 7

Alcohol

Answer 7

Organic compound that contains one or more hydroxyl groups (-OH) as the functional group. Ex: Ethanol. Further classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary.

Question 8

Primary Alcohol

Answer 8

The carbon attached to the -OH group is attached to only one other carbon. Ex. butan-1-ol

Question 9

Secondary Alcohol

Answer 9

The carbon attached to the -OH group is attached to two other carbons. Ex. butan-2-ol

Question 10

Tertiary Alcohol

Answer 10

The carbon attaches to the -OH group is attached to three other carbons. Ex. 2-methylpropan-2-ol

Question 11

Elimination Reaction

Answer 11

Organic reactions involving the removal of atoms (or groups of atoms) from neighbouring carbon atoms in an organic molecule (in alcohols, H2O may be removed). Products may be alkenes and water (alcohol reaction) or alkenes, halide ion, and water (organic halide reaction).

Question 12

Ester

Answer 12

A family of organic compounds characterized by the ester functional group (-COO-) or (-COOR); formed from the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol; responsible for scents. Ex: methyl ethanoate

Question 13

Carboxylic Acid

Answer 13

An organic compound that contains the carboxyl group (–COOH) as the functional group. Ex: propanoic acid