Acids & Bases Flashcards
Ionization constant for water, Kw
The equilibrium constant for the ionization of water. Kw = [H3O+(aq)][OH-(aq)] = 1.0 x 10-14
Bronsted-Lowry concept
The idea that the reaction of an acid with a base is a transfer of a proton, H+, from the acid to the base.
Bronsted-Lowry acid
A proton, H+, donor in an acid-base reaction
Bronsted-Lowry base
A proton, H+, acceptor in an acid-base reaction
Bronsted-Lowry reaction equation
A chemical reaction equation written to show an acid-base reaction involving the transfer of a proton from one entity (an acid) to another (a base).
Amphiprotic (t)
An entity having the ability to either accept or donate protons
Amphoteric (e)
A chemical substance with the ability to react as either an acid or a base
Conjugate acid-base pair
A pair of substances with chemical formulas that differ only by a proton
Acid Ionization constant, Ka
The equilibrium constant for the ionization of weak acids; aka the acid dissociation constant
Base Ionization constant, Kb
The equilibrium constant for the ionization of weak bases; aka base dissociation constant
pH curve
A graph showing the continuous change of pH versus the volume of titrant during an acid-base reaction
Buffering
The chemical action opposing changes in pH
Buffer
A mixture of a conjugate acid-base pair that maintains a nearly constant pH when diluted or when a small amount of strong acid or strong base is added.
Buffer capacity
The limit of the ability of a buffer to maintain a nearly constant pH
Buffer zone
A relatively flat region on the pH curve of an acid-base reaction where buffering action occurs; also called the buffering region
