Hydro and Ocean energy Flashcards
What percent of global electricity generation is from hydro energy
20%
How do hydro energy systems work
utilize the power of falling or flowing water to generate electricity
Describe how ocean energy systems work
harvest energy from tides, waves, currents and temperature gradients in ocean water
What are the classifications of hydro
impulse turbines and reaction turbines
what are the classifications of ocean energy
tides
tidal waves
tidal currents
thermal gradients
salinity gradients
What was the first uses of hydro energy
grinding grain and irrigation
list the three steps of the conversion process for hydro energy
kinetic energy of water - shaft power in hydro turbine - electricity
what are the components of the hydro system
turbine, generator, transmission system and grid connection
What are the advantages of hydro power plants
long lifespan
flexibility
low operational costs
low emissions
renewable and sustainable
What are the disadvantages of hydro power plants
high initial cost
limited locations
environmental impacts
reliance on water flow
drought vulnerability
What are the four types of hydropower plants based on generation methods
run-of-river
impoundment
pumped storage
micro hydropower
What are the 5 classifications of hydropower plants by capacity
micro hydro - less than 100KW
mini hydro - 10KW to 1MW
small hydro - less than 10 MW
medium hydro - 10MW to 100MW
Large hydro - over 100Mw
2 classifications by head length
low head power plants - 5 - 20 m
high head power plants - 10 - 1000 m
Define a hydro turbine
a hydro turbine is a machine that converts the energy of flowing water into mechanical energy, which can then be used to generate electricity
What does hydro turbine type depend on
water head (height of standing water)
water flow
efficiency and cost
depth of placement
