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Energy 201 > Biomass and biofuels energy > Flashcards

Biomass and biofuels energy Flashcards

1
Q

What type of biofuel was humanities early source of energy

A

wood

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2
Q

Define biomass

A

Biomass is derived from the photosynthesis process, encompassing a wide range of organic source such as plant and animal life, and residues

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3
Q

What are types of residues that make biomass

A

agricultural, industrial, forestry, municipal solid waste, and sewage

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4
Q

List types of biomass

A

wood, crops, waste types. These three contain compounds like Sugars, Starch, Cellulose, Hemicellulose,
Lignin, Resins, and Tannins

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5
Q

Biomass is combustible, when burned it releases heat that can be used for

A

commercial heat
electricity generation
transportation fuels

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6
Q

What are the advantages of biomass as a fuel

A

carbon neutrality
low sulfur content
low nitrogen content

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7
Q

What are the three types of conversions that plant biomass undergoes

A

physical conversion
thermochemical conversion
biological conversion

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8
Q

Describe how physical conversion of biomass works

A

biomass is squeezed to extract oil for combustion - plant-based. This can be done with heat to enhance the extraction

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9
Q

Describe how biological conversion of biomass works - there’s 2 types

A

There are two methods: anaerobic digestion (digesters produce biogas) and fermentation (produce alcohols from plants such as ethanol which can be used as fuel or burner gas)

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10
Q

Describe how thermochemical conversion of biomass works

A

combustion, gasification and pyrolysis enables efficient use of biomass, converting it to heat, gases or bio-oil depending on oxygen levels and temperature

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11
Q

What are the three types of thermochemical processes

A

combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis

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12
Q

describe combustion

A

directly burns biomass to generate heat

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13
Q

describe pyrolysis

A

converts biomass into bio-oil and other products without combustion by heating it in an oxygen-free environment

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14
Q

describe gasification

A

high-temperature reaction with limited oxygen, producing a mix of gases (N₂, CO, H₂, CO₂) with minimal ash. will produce syngas

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15
Q

What is the key difference between combustion, gasification and pyrolysis

A

oxygen in the reaction
combustion has complete burning with excess oxygen. Gasification has partial oxidation with limited oxygen. Pyrolysis is heating in the absence of oxygen.

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16
Q

Fill in the blanks:
Combustion overview:
A burning process involving an ____________ reaction between fuel and oxygen. Products include heat, light, water vapor, and ____.
Conditions for combustion: requires fuel, oxygen and an __________ source.
All hydrogen and carbon in fuel react with oxygen to __________ energy release. The applications are heating, power generation, and ________ management.

A

exothermic
CO2
ignition
maximize
waste

17
Q

Fill in the blanks:
Pyrolysis overview: Thermal decomposition of organic materials in the __________ of oxygen, occurring at 400-800°C. The purpose and application is to convert ________ material into fuels and chemicals. It is widely applied in _______ management and energy production. How it works: organic feedstock is ___________, breaking down into complex molecules into simpler compounds. The product yield and composition depend on __________ type and pyrolysis conditions

A

absence
organic
waste
heated
feedstock

18
Q

Chose between combustion, gasification and pyrolysis. Which has the highest AFR? Which has the lowest AFR. Which goes to the highest temperature and which goes to the lowest?

A

Highest AFR and temp is combustion
Lowest AFR and temp is is pyrolysis.
Gasification is in the middle

19
Q

What are the generational classifications of the biofuels

A

first generation, second generation, third generation, and fourth generation

20
Q

What does first generation include

A

food and some agriculture wastes

21
Q

What does second generation include

A

non-food wastes

22
Q

What does third generation include

A

algae

23
Q

What does fourth generation include

A

all wastes from food to industrial and chemical

24
Q

What’s the 3S

A

Source: biomass
System: pyrolysis, combustion
Service: biofuels

25
Q

What is the processes of conversion of non lignin plants

A

Fermentation - ethanol
biodigestion - biogas

26
Q

What is the processes of conversion for lignin plants

A

liquefaction - liquid fuel
combustion - heat
mechanical - firewood
carbonization - charcoal
gasification - methanol and fuel gas

27
Q

What is the processes of conversion of organic residues

A

liquefaction - liquid fuel
combustion - heat
carbonization - charcoal
gasification - methanol and fuel gas
biodigestion - bio gas

28
Q

What is the process of conversion of biofluids

A

cracking and esterification - biodiesel

Energy 201 (12 decks)

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