Hybridization Flashcards
Tendency to form bonds is strong among atoms due to the stabilization imparted by bond formation.
Hybridization
More bonds formed; more _____ achieved.
stabilization
The intermixing of pure atomic orbitals (s,p,d,f) in order to form a new set of orbitals whose properties are quite distinct from the original.
Hybridization
Some atoms form more bonds than that expected of them from the number of unpaired electrons in their valence shell.
Hybridization
In _____, hybridization occurs to create stable compounds.
Carbon
Three Hybrid Bond Orbitals
Tetrahedral hybridization (sp3)
Trigonal hybridization (sp2)
Digonal hybridization (sp)
Carbon can form four bonds with Hydrogen.
Tetrahedral hybridization (sp3)
the name of the hybrid orbitals reflects the number of each orbital hybridized
Hybridization
C is capable of forming other types of hybrid orbitals
Trigonal hybridization (sp2)
results from the head – on overlap of orbitals.
σ (sigma) bond
results from the lateral overlap of orbitals.
π (Pi) bond
Carbon atoms can likewise form sp hybrids from one s and one p orbital:
Digonal hybridization (sp)
Bond Properties
Bond order
Bond dissociation energy
Bond length
Bond angle
Bond polarity
The number of bonds shared by two atoms
Generally related to valency multiplicity between atoms in molecules.
Bond order
_________ includes pi and sigma bonds
Total bond order
_______ considers only the pi bonds.
Mobile bond order
the amount of energy released or absorbed when a bond is formed; measure of bond strength.
Bond Dissociation Energy
the intermolecular distance between two atoms sharing a bond
Bond Length
the angle between any two bonds in a molecule
bond angle
Separation of charge in a bond
Results from the unequal distribution of electrons between 2 atoms sharing a bond due to differences in their electronegativity
bond polarity
this happened when an sp3 orbital bonded to a hydrogen to the neighboring p orbital or towards the pi bond
Sigma electron delocalization
