Alkanes Flashcards
_____ are aliphatic hydrocarbons having only C-C and C-H sigma bonds
Alkanes
Alkanes can be categorized as ______ or _______
acyclic or cyclic
_________ alkanes have the molecular formula CnH2n+2
Acyclic alkanes
________ alkanes contain only linear and branched chains of carbon atoms.
Acyclic alkanes
Alkanes are also called ______ because they have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon.
saturated hydrocarbons
_______ contain carbons joined in one or more rings.
Cycloalkanes
General formula of cycloalkanes
CnH2n
All C atoms in an ____ are surrounded by four groups, making them sp3 hybridized and tetrahedral, with all bond angles of 109.5°.
alkane
It is two different compounds with the same molecular formula.
Constitutional Isomers
Constitutional isomers are also called ________, it differs in the way the atoms are connected to each other.
structural isomers
_______ in alkanes and other organic compounds are classified by the number of other carbons directly bonded to them.
Carbon atoms
A _______ carbon is bonded to one other C atom.
primary (1°)
A ______ carbon is bonded to two other C atoms.
secondary (2°)
A ______ carbon is bonded to three other C atoms.
tertiary (3°)
A _____carbon is bonded to four other C atoms.
quaternary (4°)
____ atoms are classified depending on the type of carbon atom to which they are bonded.
Hydrogen
A _________hydrogen is on a C bonded to one other C atom
primary (1°)
A ______ hydrogen is on a C bonded to two other C atoms.
secondary (2°)
A _______ hydrogen is on a C bonded to three other C atoms.
tertiary (3°)
The ______ indicates the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain.
parent name
The _______ indicates what functional group is present.
suffix
The _____ tells us the identity, location, and number of substituents attached to the carbon chain.
prefix
Carbon substituents bonded to a long carbon chain are called _____
alkyl groups
An alkyl group is formed by removing one ___ atom from an alkane.
hydrogen (H)
