Hx, Psychiatry- fromPDF Flashcards
What does the history of mental health reveal?
Mental illness has been around since the beginning of time, but views began changing in the late 18th century.
How did views on mental illness change in the late 18th century?
Mental illness started to be seen as a disease requiring treatment and humane care.
What reflects the sociocultural climate of mental health?
The views of mental health and illness closely reflect the sociocultural climate of the time.
How is mental illness viewed in various cultures historically?
Views vary: some cultures see it negatively as possession, while others have different interpretations.
What types of magical therapies were used historically?
Charms, spells, sacrifices, exorcisms, and initiation rituals were among the therapies used.
How was unusual behavior perceived in the West historically?
Odd behavior without physical illness was often seen as possession by an evil spirit.
What physical treatments were used for mental illness in earlier times?
Treatments included bleeding, blistering, and surgical interventions like trepanation to release spirits.
What happened to individuals with severe behaviors in earlier cultures?
They were often ostracized and driven from their communities.
How was mental illness viewed during the Middle Ages and Renaissance?
Mental illness was often seen as demonic possession, leading to witch hunts and inhumane treatments.
What was believed to be the cause of mental illness in the Middle Ages?
It was thought to be punishment for wrongdoing, resulting in harsh treatment methods.
What societal changes occurred in the 18th and 19th centuries regarding mental illness?
Society began to recognize the need for humane treatment, shifting focus to care rather than punishment.
What institutions were developed in the 18th and 19th centuries for mental health?
Public and private asylums were created to house individuals with mental illness.
What institution was established by Benjamin Franklin in 1751?
The Pennsylvania Hospital, the first in the U.S. to provide treatment for mental illness.
How did psychiatry evolve in the late 18th century?
Psychiatry began to be recognized as a separate branch of medicine.
What physical interventions were used in early psychiatric treatment?
Interventions included bloodletting, immobilization, and specialized devices like tranquilizer chairs.
How did Dr. Benjamin Rush influence mental health treatment?
He advocated for supportive care in pleasant environments, shifting the focus from punishment to care.
What role did Dorothea Dix play in the mental health movement?
She worked tirelessly to improve conditions for individuals with mental illness and advocated for state hospitals.
What were the conditions like in early state hospitals as a result of Dix’s efforts?
These institutions became overcrowded and often provided minimal custodial care despite Dix’s reforms.
What two schools of thought about mental illness existed in the early 1900s?
One viewed it as resulting from social deprivation, while the other saw it as a biological issue.
What theory did Sigmund Freud develop regarding mental illness?
Psychoanalytic theory, focusing on unconscious motivations and childhood experiences.
What are the five stages of development according to Freud?
Oral, anal, phallic/oedipal, latency, and genital stages.
What happens if a person experiences disruption in Freud’s stages?
Disruption leads to challenges in personal development and potential mental illness.
How did psychopharmacology change mental health treatment?
It allowed for symptom control through medications, enabling individuals to return to community living.
When was the 1990s referred to as ‘the decade of the brain’?
During this time, research on neurotransmitters and mental illness increased significantly.
What shift occurred in psychiatric treatment during the 1990s?
There was a move away from less-invasive therapies towards medical-somatic options as standard treatments.
What is the historical context of psychiatric-mental health nursing?
It began in sanitariums focused on custodial care with little understanding of mental illness.
How did mental health care evolve post-World War II?
Nursing practices began to adapt to new therapies and theories related to mental health.
Who is considered the first psychiatric nurse in America?
Linda Richards, who opened a training school for psychiatric-mental health nurses in 1882.
What was emphasized in training for early psychiatric nurses?
An emphasis on meeting patients’ physical and emotional needs.
How did Effie Taylor contribute to psychiatric nursing education?
She established the first nursing program at Johns Hopkins Phipps Clinic, integrating mental health nursing into curricula.
What therapeutic models emerged during the first half of the 20th century?
Interpersonal models focusing on the interactions between individuals.
Who was Harry Stack Sullivan and what did he theorize?
Sullivan theorized that personality reflects an individual’s interactions with others and emphasized the need for security.
What was Sullivan’s perspective on the relationship between personality and interaction?
A person’s personality, be it healthy or ill, was a direct result of their relationships with others.
