Hx of Mental health, Psychiatric Nursing Flashcards
What was the common perception of mental illness in ancient civilizations?
It was often attributed to supernatural forces or punishment by the gods.
Who was Hippocrates and what was his contribution to mental health?
A Greek physician known as the ‘Father of Medicine,’ he suggested that mental illness had natural causes and could be treated.
What is the significance of the Middle Ages to the history of mental healthcare?
Mental illness was mostly viewed as demonic possession, leading to exorcisms and imprisonment in asylums.
Who was Philippe Pinel and what did he advocate for in the late 18th century?
A French physician who advocated for humane treatment of the mentally ill and removed chains from patients in asylums.
What movement did Dorothea Dix lead in the 19th century?
The mental hygiene movement, which aimed to promote better care for the mentally ill and establish state hospitals.
What was the impact of the establishment of asylums in the 18th and 19th centuries?
They provided care for the mentally ill but often became overcrowded and abusive, leading to neglect and mistreatment.
Who proposed the psychoanalytic theory of mental illness?
Sigmund Freud, emphasizing the importance of the unconscious mind and childhood experiences.
What were ‘moral treatment’ methods in mental healthcare?
Approaches that focused on providing a nurturing environment, occupational and recreational activities, rather than restraint and isolation.
Describe the significance of the development of psychopharmacology in the 1950s.
Psychopharmacology introduced medications that could effectively treat mental health disorders, shifting care from institutions to outpatient settings.
What did the National Mental Health Act of 1946 establish?
It aimed to improve mental health care and research in the United States following World War II.
How did deinstitutionalization in the 1960s affect mental health care?
Patients were discharged from state hospitals and services were shifted to community settings, often without adequate support.
Who is considered the ‘Mother of Psychiatric Nursing’?
Hildegard Peplau, known for her work in developing the nurse-patient relationship model.
What is the importance of the ‘Therapeutic Milieu’ concept in psychiatric nursing?
It refers to creating a structured environment that supports recovery and promotes personal growth through social interactions.
What did the Community Mental Health Act of 1963 aim to achieve?
It intended to establish community mental health centers to provide comprehensive services.
Who was Emil Kraepelin and what was his contribution?
A German psychiatrist known for classifying mental disorders and introducing the concept of manic-depressive illness.
What is one major criticism of the medical model of mental illness?
It often overlooks the social and environmental factors contributing to mental health issues.
When was the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) published?
In 1952.
