HVII finance and domestic policies

Question 1

What were Henry’s main financial aims?

Answer 1

Achieve solvency by increasing royal income, decreasing expenditure and restoring the crowns finances and strength

Question 2

4 ways Henry could use wealth

Answer 2

• reward local service
• bribe postnatal opponents
• fund armies
• consolidate the dynasty (resources for heir to fight and retain throne)

Question 3

What was ordinary revenue?

Answer 3

Regular income on which the crown could rely to finance the costs of monarchy

Question 4

Crown lands were inherited from who?

Answer 4

Earldoms of Richmond, March and Warwick, Dutch of Lancaster and Principality of Wales.

Question 5

What did the crown lands increase from 1485 to 1509?

Answer 5

From £29,000 in 1985 to £42,000 in 1509

Question 6

What provided a third of the crown’s ordinary revenue?

Answer 6

Customs duties

Question 7

What did the annual customers duties rose from what to what?

Answer 7

£33,000 to around £40,000

Question 8

What did feudal duties rise from and to between 1487 to 1507?

Answer 8

£350 in 1487 to £6,000 in 1507

Question 9

What was treason mostly punished by

Answer 9

Fines rather than imprisonment or execution

Question 10

What was extraordinary revenue?

Answer 10

Money that came to the crown on particular occasions and therefore with no regularity

Question 11

How many principal sources of extraordinary revenue?

Answer 11

6

Question 12

What were bonds and recognisances? And what did recipes rise from 1493 to in 1505?

Answer 12

Practice of subjects paying a sum of money to the Crown as a guarantee of their future good behaviour
1493 - £3,000 to 1505 - £35,000

Question 13

What were clerical taxes and what were they used for?

Answer 13

Grants made by convocation (ruling council of the church, a form of parliament) and used £25,000 of this was used towards cost of French campaign of 1491-92

Question 14

What were feudal obligations?

Answer 14

Right to levy such obligations as distraint of knighthood (feudal law forcing landholders with annual incomes of £20 to accept knighthoods) or to demand payment for special occasions such as the marriage of his eldest daughter

Question 15

What was the french pension?

Answer 15

King of France promised (Treaty of Etaples, 1492) to pay Henry £159,000 to annual instalments of £5,000

Question 16

What were loads and benevolences?

Answer 16

Requests made to his landholding subject for financial support that were virtually impossible to decline, they were traditionally in the form of ‘agreements’

Question 17

What were parliamentary grants and what did these help pay for?

Answer 17

Raised by means of taxes on moveable property called ‘fifteenths’ and ‘tenths’. Helped played for the battle of Stoke that marked the defeat of the Yorkists and the French campaign

Question 18

Financial administration underpinned and supported other domestic policies but what were domestic policies geared up towards what?

Answer 18

Geared towards controlling the nobility, co-operating with the church and maintaining law and order

Question 19

How did Henry control the nobility?

Answer 19

Controlled nobility by issuing attainders, curbing retaining and rewarding service

Question 20

How did Henry control the church?

Answer 20

Henry offered Church his patronage and protection and publicly upheld hid God-given right to rule. Head of church Pope supported Henry

Question 21

How did Henry control the law and order?

Answer 21

Agents of central government such as JP’s and sheriffs supported by trusted Nile governors working through regional councils, bright to kingdom under control