hurst fluid and electrolytes

Question 1

causes of fluid volume excess

Answer 1

heart failure
renal failure
increased sodium intake

Question 2

how does heart failure cause FVE

Answer 2

heart is weak, cardiac output is down, kidney perfusion is down, urinary output is down, volume stays in vascular space

Question 3

what hormones regulate fluid volume

Answer 3

aldosterone
antidiuretic hormone

Question 4

where is aldosterone found

Answer 4

adrenal gland (on top of kidney)

Question 5

what happens when aldosterone increases

Answer 5

retain sodium and water so blood volume goes up

Question 6

diseases with too much aldosterone

Answer 6

cushings
hyperaldosteronism (conns syndrome)

Question 7

disease with little aldosterone

Answer 7

addisons

Question 8

what does ADH do

Answer 8

make you retain water

Question 9

who should we concerned with having ADH

Answer 9

head surgery or injuries

Question 10

signs of fluid volume exess

Answer 10

distended neck and peripheral veins
peripheral edema/third spacing
wet lung sounds starting low and then high
polyuria
increased weight
increased, HR, BP

Question 11

examples of loop diuretics

Answer 11

furosemide
bumetanide if furosemide doesn’t work

Question 12

how does bed rest induce diuresis

Answer 12

by releasing ANP and decreasing production of ADH

Question 13

hazards of immobility

Answer 13

DVT
kidney stones
pneumonia
constipation

Question 14

causes of FVD

Answer 14

loss of fluid
third spacing
polyuria

Question 15

considerations for isotonic IVF

Answer 15

do not use isotonic solutions in clients with hypertension, cardiac disease or renal disease

Question 16

alert for hypotonic solutions

Answer 16

watch for cellular edema because this fluid is moving out to the cells which could lead to fluid volume deficit and decreased blood pressure

Question 17

alert for hypertonic solutions

Answer 17

watch for fluid volume excess. monitor in an ICU setting with frequent monitoring of blood pressure, pulse, and CVP.