Endocrine archer Flashcards
What is Addisons disease
not enough steroids
What is cushings disease
too many steroids
list 3 steroids
glucocorticoids
mineral corticoids
sex hormones
what do glucocorticoids do
affect mood
cause immune suppression
breakdown fats and proteins
inhibit insulin
name a mineralcorticoid
aldosterone
what is aldosterone responsible for
retention of sodium and water
excrete potassium
signs of Addisons disease
fatigue
weight loss
hypoglycemia
confusion
loss of sodium and water
retain potassium
hypotension
low sex hormones
GI disturbances
signs of adrenal crisis
extreme fatigue
fever
hypotension
renal shutdown
increased serum K
decreased NA
treatment for addisons
replace fluids and steroids
signs of cushings
moon face
buffalo hump
weight gain
thin skin
easy bruising
thin extremities
slow healing
hyper glycemia
potassium excretion
Treatment of cushings
adrenalectomy
avoid infection>because of immunosupression
What is diabetes insipidus
not enough ADH
What is SIADH
too much ADH
who should you monitor for ADH
craniotomy
head injury
sinus surgery
What does ADH do
make you retain water
What is synthetic ADH
vasopressin
What happens in diabetes insipidus
Body releases all fluids
signs of DI
dehydration
increased HR
hypotension
muscle cramps
light headed
increased UOP
weight loss
urine changed with DI
decreased urine specific gravity
blood changes with DI
increased serum NA
increased serum osmolarity
HCT greater than 40%
treatment of DI
monitor neurostatus
replace fluids
vasopressin
signs of SIADH
weight gain
anorexia
nausea
vomiting
LOW SERUM SODIUM
irritability
confusion
hallucinations
siezures
urine lab changes for SIADH
decreased urine output
increased osmolarity
increased specific gravity
increased urine sodium
blood lab changes for SIADH
increased blood volume
decreased osmolarity
hyponatremia
anemia
SIADH treatment
sodium replacement
seizure precaution
fluid restriction
hypertonic saline
what is graves disease
hyperthyroidism
signs of a thyroid storm
sweating
tremor
exophthalmos
goiter
arrhythmia and tachycardia
nausea diahrrhea
oligomenorrhea
muscle weakness
chest pain
HEADACHE
WEIGHT LOSS
NERVOUSNESS
EMOTIONAL INSTABILITY
treatment of graves disease
methimazole
iodine compounds
radioactive iodine therapy
thyroidectomy
what do iodine compounds do
decrease size and vascularity of the thyroid gland
what does radioactive iodine do
destroy thyroid cells
signs of hypothyroidism
weight gain
poor memory
cold intolerance
fatigue
hair loss and thinning
puffy face
dry coarse skin
constipation
cool and sweating extremities
slow HR
infertility
heavy menstration
what does parathyroid hormone do
causes calcium to be pulled out of bones and into blood
causes an increase in serum calcium
what happens with not enough PTH
serum calcium goes down
phosphorus goes up
CNS symptoms of hypoparathyroid
seizures
calcifications
parkinsons or dystonia
cardiacsymptoms of hypoparathyroid
arrhythmias
hypocalcemia dilated cardiomyopathy
respiratory symptoms of hypoparathyroid
laryngospasm
renal symptoms of hypoparathyroid
nephrocalcinosis
kidney stones
chronic kidney disease
ophthalmologic symptoms of hypoparathyroid
cataracts
papilloedema
skin symptoms of hypoparathyroid
dry
onycholysis
coarse thin hair
pustular psoriasis
neuropsychiatric symptoms of hypoparathyroid
anxiety and depression
PNS symptoms of hypoparathyroid
paraesthesia
muscle cramps
tetany
dental symptoms of hypoparathyroid
altered tooth morphology
musculoskeletal symptoms of hypoparathyroid
myopathy
spondyloarthropathy
treatment of hypoparathyroid
calcium replacement
phosphate binders
what is hyperparathyroid
too much PTH
high serum calcium
low phosphorus
digestive symptoms of hyperparathyroid
loss of appetite
nausea
vomiting
constipation
musculoskeletal symptoms of hyperparathyroid
muscle weakness
aches and pains in bones and joints
nervous symptoms of hyperparathyroid
fatigue
depression
confusion
urinary symptoms of hyperparathyroid
kidney stones
increased thirst
increased urination
treatment of hyperparathyroid
partial parathyroidectomy
symptoms of DM
frequent urination
blurred vision
extreme hunger
weightloss
increased thirst
fatigue
rapid acting
name
onset
peak
duration
aspart and lispro
onset 15 min
peak 30-90
duration 3-5hrs
short acting
name
onset
peak
duration
regular
onset 30-60 min
peak 2-4hrs
duration 6-8hrs
intermediate
name
onset
peak
duration
NPH (cloudy)
onset 1-2hrs
peak 6-14hrs
duration 16-24
long acting
name
onset
peak
duration
glargine
onset 1-2hrs
peak none
duration 24hrs
how do you mix insulin
regular 1st than cloudy
never mix long acting
What happens in DKA
no insulin causes glucose to build up
kidneys try to filter it causing polyuria
cells are starving so protein and fat for energy producing keynotes causing metabolic acidosis
treatment of DKA
hourly BG and serum potassium
monitor output and prevent shock
NS to start when BS is down to 250-300 D%W added to prevent hypoglycemia
insulin
what happens if BS drops to fast
cerebral edema
early signs of DKA
thirst
urination
increased BG
ketones
later signs of DKA
weak/Sleepy
dry flushed skin
Nausea vomiting, diarrhea pain in abd
difficulty breathing
fruity breath
long term damage of diabtes
poor wound healing
frequent infections
vision problems
kidney problems
signs and symptoms of dm2
thirst and dry mouth
blurred vision
increased urine output
lack of energy
tingling in hands and feet
recurrent fungal infections of skin
sexual issues
treatment of diabetes 2
low carb- complex carb diet
protein and veggies
exercise
metformin
insulin
complications of diabetes
cerebrovascular disease
kidney damage
foot infections
retinopathy and blindness
heart attac
peripheral neuropathy
signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia
cold
clammy
confused
shaky
nervous
nausea
headache
hungry
blurry vision
treatment of hypoglycemia
15g of carbs> wait 15 minutes > 15 more g of carbs eat snack with complex carbs/ protein to keep BS up
if unconscious IV D50W
IM glucagon
when should she hold metforim
when getting contrast dye (kidney damage)
