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Hesi 2 > Endocrine archer > Flashcards

Endocrine archer Flashcards

1
Q

What is Addisons disease

A

not enough steroids

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2
Q

What is cushings disease

A

too many steroids

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3
Q

list 3 steroids

A

glucocorticoids
mineral corticoids
sex hormones

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4
Q

what do glucocorticoids do

A

affect mood
cause immune suppression
breakdown fats and proteins
inhibit insulin

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5
Q

name a mineralcorticoid

A

aldosterone

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6
Q

what is aldosterone responsible for

A

retention of sodium and water
excrete potassium

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7
Q

signs of Addisons disease

A

fatigue
weight loss
hypoglycemia
confusion
loss of sodium and water
retain potassium
hypotension
low sex hormones
GI disturbances

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8
Q

signs of adrenal crisis

A

extreme fatigue
fever
hypotension
renal shutdown
increased serum K
decreased NA

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9
Q

treatment for addisons

A

replace fluids and steroids

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10
Q

signs of cushings

A

moon face
buffalo hump
weight gain
thin skin
easy bruising
thin extremities
slow healing
hyper glycemia
potassium excretion

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11
Q

Treatment of cushings

A

adrenalectomy
avoid infection>because of immunosupression

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12
Q

What is diabetes insipidus

A

not enough ADH

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13
Q

What is SIADH

A

too much ADH

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14
Q

who should you monitor for ADH

A

craniotomy
head injury
sinus surgery

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15
Q

What does ADH do

A

make you retain water

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16
Q

What is synthetic ADH

A

vasopressin

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17
Q

What happens in diabetes insipidus

A

Body releases all fluids

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18
Q

signs of DI

A

dehydration
increased HR
hypotension
muscle cramps
light headed
increased UOP
weight loss

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19
Q

urine changed with DI

A

decreased urine specific gravity

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20
Q

blood changes with DI

A

increased serum NA
increased serum osmolarity
HCT greater than 40%

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21
Q

treatment of DI

A

monitor neurostatus
replace fluids
vasopressin

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22
Q

signs of SIADH

A

weight gain
anorexia
nausea
vomiting
LOW SERUM SODIUM
irritability
confusion
hallucinations
siezures

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23
Q

urine lab changes for SIADH

A

decreased urine output
increased osmolarity
increased specific gravity
increased urine sodium

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24
Q

blood lab changes for SIADH

A

increased blood volume
decreased osmolarity
hyponatremia
anemia

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25
Q

SIADH treatment

A

sodium replacement
seizure precaution
fluid restriction
hypertonic saline

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26
Q

what is graves disease

A

hyperthyroidism

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27
Q

signs of a thyroid storm

A

sweating
tremor
exophthalmos
goiter
arrhythmia and tachycardia
nausea diahrrhea
oligomenorrhea
muscle weakness
chest pain
HEADACHE
WEIGHT LOSS
NERVOUSNESS
EMOTIONAL INSTABILITY

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28
Q

treatment of graves disease

A

methimazole
iodine compounds
radioactive iodine therapy
thyroidectomy

29
Q

what do iodine compounds do

A

decrease size and vascularity of the thyroid gland

30
Q

what does radioactive iodine do

A

destroy thyroid cells

31
Q

signs of hypothyroidism

A

weight gain
poor memory
cold intolerance
fatigue
hair loss and thinning
puffy face
dry coarse skin
constipation
cool and sweating extremities
slow HR
infertility
heavy menstration

32
Q

what does parathyroid hormone do

A

causes calcium to be pulled out of bones and into blood
causes an increase in serum calcium

33
Q

what happens with not enough PTH

A

serum calcium goes down
phosphorus goes up

34
Q

CNS symptoms of hypoparathyroid

A

seizures
calcifications
parkinsons or dystonia

35
Q

cardiacsymptoms of hypoparathyroid

A

arrhythmias
hypocalcemia dilated cardiomyopathy

36
Q

respiratory symptoms of hypoparathyroid

A

laryngospasm

37
Q

renal symptoms of hypoparathyroid

A

nephrocalcinosis
kidney stones
chronic kidney disease

38
Q

ophthalmologic symptoms of hypoparathyroid

A

cataracts
papilloedema

39
Q

skin symptoms of hypoparathyroid

A

dry
onycholysis
coarse thin hair
pustular psoriasis

40
Q

neuropsychiatric symptoms of hypoparathyroid

A

anxiety and depression

41
Q

PNS symptoms of hypoparathyroid

A

paraesthesia
muscle cramps
tetany

42
Q

dental symptoms of hypoparathyroid

A

altered tooth morphology

43
Q

musculoskeletal symptoms of hypoparathyroid

A

myopathy
spondyloarthropathy

44
Q

treatment of hypoparathyroid

A

calcium replacement
phosphate binders

45
Q

what is hyperparathyroid

A

too much PTH
high serum calcium
low phosphorus

46
Q

digestive symptoms of hyperparathyroid

A

loss of appetite
nausea
vomiting
constipation

47
Q

musculoskeletal symptoms of hyperparathyroid

A

muscle weakness
aches and pains in bones and joints

48
Q

nervous symptoms of hyperparathyroid

A

fatigue
depression
confusion

49
Q

urinary symptoms of hyperparathyroid

A

kidney stones
increased thirst
increased urination

50
Q

treatment of hyperparathyroid

A

partial parathyroidectomy

51
Q

symptoms of DM

A

frequent urination
blurred vision
extreme hunger
weightloss
increased thirst
fatigue

52
Q

rapid acting
name
onset
peak
duration

A

aspart and lispro
onset 15 min
peak 30-90
duration 3-5hrs

53
Q

short acting
name
onset
peak
duration

A

regular
onset 30-60 min
peak 2-4hrs
duration 6-8hrs

54
Q

intermediate
name
onset
peak
duration

A

NPH (cloudy)
onset 1-2hrs
peak 6-14hrs
duration 16-24

55
Q

long acting
name
onset
peak
duration

A

glargine
onset 1-2hrs
peak none
duration 24hrs

56
Q

how do you mix insulin

A

regular 1st than cloudy

never mix long acting

57
Q

What happens in DKA

A

no insulin causes glucose to build up
kidneys try to filter it causing polyuria
cells are starving so protein and fat for energy producing keynotes causing metabolic acidosis

58
Q

treatment of DKA

A

hourly BG and serum potassium
monitor output and prevent shock
NS to start when BS is down to 250-300 D%W added to prevent hypoglycemia
insulin

59
Q

what happens if BS drops to fast

A

cerebral edema

60
Q

early signs of DKA

A

thirst
urination
increased BG
ketones

61
Q

later signs of DKA

A

weak/Sleepy
dry flushed skin
Nausea vomiting, diarrhea pain in abd
difficulty breathing
fruity breath

62
Q

long term damage of diabtes

A

poor wound healing
frequent infections
vision problems
kidney problems

63
Q

signs and symptoms of dm2

A

thirst and dry mouth
blurred vision
increased urine output
lack of energy
tingling in hands and feet
recurrent fungal infections of skin
sexual issues

64
Q

treatment of diabetes 2

A

low carb- complex carb diet
protein and veggies
exercise
metformin
insulin

65
Q

complications of diabetes

A

cerebrovascular disease
kidney damage
foot infections
retinopathy and blindness
heart attac
peripheral neuropathy

66
Q

signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia

A

cold
clammy
confused
shaky
nervous
nausea
headache
hungry
blurry vision

67
Q

treatment of hypoglycemia

A

15g of carbs> wait 15 minutes > 15 more g of carbs eat snack with complex carbs/ protein to keep BS up

if unconscious IV D50W
IM glucagon

68
Q

when should she hold metforim

A

when getting contrast dye (kidney damage)

Hesi 2 (10 decks)

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