Gastrointestinal archer Flashcards
Causes of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer
H Pylori
overuse of NSAIDS
symptoms of gastric ulcer
pain 1-2 hours after meal
abdominal pain aggravated by eating
vomiting
weightloss
hematemesis if hemorrhage occurs
treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer
treat hpylori
reduce stomach acid
H2 receptor inhibitor
protein pump inhibitor
symptoms of duodenal ulcer
pain 2-4 hours after meals
food may relieve pain
weight gain
melena if hemorrhage occurs
types of H2 receptor blockers
famotidien
cimetidine
nizatidine
what do H2 receptor blockers do? How is it taken?
decrease gastric secreations
take with food
takes 30-90 minutes to start working
types of proton pump inhibitors
omeprazole
lansoprazole
pantoprazole
what do proton pump inhibitors do
block gastric secretion
take 30 min before 1st meal
what does sulcrafate do
sticks to damaged ulcer tissue to protect from acid and allow healing
how should you take sulcrafate
on an empty stomach 2hrs after meal or 1 hour before
at least 30 minutes apart from antacids
what is ulcerative colitis
inflammation of large intestine
what is chrons disease
inflammation and erosion of ileum and anywhere throughout small and large intestine
signs of ulcerative colitis and chrons
rebound tenderness
cramping
diarrhea
dehydration
weightloss
rectal bleeding
bloody stool
anemia
fever
treatment of churns and ulcerative colitis
low fiber diet
avoid cold or hot food
no smoking
antidiarrheals
abx
steroids
ileostomy
colostomy
signs of appendicitis
abd pain
nausea
vomiting
decreased appetite
fever
increased WBC
increased CRP
characteristics of abdominal pain associated with appendicitis
generalized
localizes to RLQ>mcburneys point
remound tenderness>indicates peritonitis
sudden relief indicates perforation
pre-op appendectomy considerations
do not use heat on stomach >aggravates and can cause perforation
position on right low fowlers for comfort
post appendectomy treatment
IV fluids
pain management
ABX
NPO until return of bowel sounds
wound care
signs of pancreatitis
pain increase with eating
abdominal distension
ascites
abdominal mass
rigid abdomen
cullens signs
grey turner sign
fever
nausea and vomiting
jaundice
hypotension
treatment of pancreatitis
NPO
NGT to suction
bed rest
pain meds
steroids
GI protectants
I and O
no alcohol
examples of antacids
calcium carbonate
magnesium hydroxide
bismuth subscaicylate
HEP A
Cause
prevention
treatment
contaminated food and water
improve hygiene and vaccination
no treatment
Heb B
Cause
prevention
treatment
contacted with infected body fluid
blood screen, hygiene, vaccination
treat with nucleoside analog
hep c
Cause
prevention
treatment
IV drug use
blood screen, sterile needles
treatment with direct antiviral agents
Hep D
Cause
prevention
treatment
contact with infected blood
blood screen, sterile needles
treat with interferon
hep e
Cause
prevention
treatment
blood to blood contact (child birth, sex,)
practice safe sex, hygiene, food sanitation
ribavirin
what causes hepatic coma
proteins break down into ammonia
ammonia builds up instead of converting to urea
increased ammonia causes cause hepatic coma
signs of hepatic coma
altered LOC
difficult to wake
hyperreflexia
aserixis
fevor
what does lactulose do
binds ammonia preventing movement into blood so it is excreated
treatment of hepatic coma
lactulose
cleansing enema
decrease protein
serum ammonia
signs of cirrhosis
palpable firm liver
abdominal pain
dyspepsia
decreased serum albumin
ascites
splenomegaly
increased liver enzymes, ALT AST
bleeding risk
anemia
treatment of cirrhosis
antacids
vitamins
diuretics
paracentesis
low protein, low sodium diet
I&O
daily weight
bleeding precautions
skin care
be careful with drug use
