Hunger and Chemical Senses

Question 1

What signals that you are hungry?

Answer 1

Low glucose levels. Important since brain cannot use fat energy for fuel

Question 2

Glycogen

Answer 2

Stored form of glucose found in liver

Question 3

Insulin

Answer 3

Secreted by pancreas to increase uptake of glucose by cells, and therefore decreasing blood sugar level

Question 4

NPY

Answer 4

appetite stimulant. High hypothalamus activity driven by NPY associated with increased food-seeking behaviours

Question 5

CCK

Answer 5

Produced by small intestine to promote short-term satiety. Promotes short term eating behaviours like ending a meal, but not long-term weight regulation.

Question 6

Adipose

Answer 6

Also called fat. Form of long-term energy storage and recently classified as endocrine organ

Question 7

Leptin

Answer 7

Secreted by adipose tissue and controlled by OB gene. reduces appetite to maintain long-term energy storage. Inhibits NPY in hypothalamus.

Question 8

Endogenous Opioids

Answer 8

Naturally occurring chemical substance that contribute to palatability and reward-driven feeding

Question 9

Taste buds

Answer 9

Highly sensitive tasters. Vary in numbers by individual. Taste preferences adapted for calorie-seeking consumption

Question 10

Chemical Senses

Answer 10

Taste identifies type of taste. Smell identifies intricacies of flavour

Question 11

Sweet

Answer 11

Signifies energy rich foods

Question 12

Salt

Answer 12

Signifies foods high in electrolytes

Question 13

Bitter and Sour

Answer 13

Signifies unsafe foods

Question 14

Umami

Answer 14

Detects amino acids glutamate and aspartate

Question 15

Taste Receptor Cells

Answer 15

50-150 within each taste bud. Can detect all types of taste

Question 16

Taste Pathways

Answer 16

1. Medulla to thalamus. Info sent to somatosensory cortex and gustatory cortex
2. Pons to hypothalamus and amygdala. Associated with satiety

Question 17

Somatosensory cortex

Answer 17

Processes feel and texture of food

Question 18

Gustatory cortex

Answer 18

processing center for taste

Question 19

Olfactory cilia

Answer 19

chemical molecules enter through naval cavities and dissolve in mucus of nose and begin to interact with olfactory receptor cells. Creates unique pattern of firing of action potential that travels down axons in synapses of olfactory bulb of brain

Question 20

Glomeruli

Answer 20

processed in higher brain areas including hypothalamus and areas of limbic system