Audition

Question 1

Basilar Membrane

Answer 1

Contains hearing receptors. Varies in length across species

Question 2

Sound waves

Answer 2

initiated by vibration and interact with ear drum to begin sound processing

Question 3

Amplitude

Answer 3

Affects loudness. Higher waves=louder sounds. Loudness measured in decibels

Question 4

Wavelength

Answer 4

Affects pitch. Shorter wavelength=higher pitch. Measured in Hz

Question 5

Purity

Answer 5

Purity indicates timber

Question 6

Timber

Answer 6

Timber is complexity of sound

Question 7

External Ear

Answer 7

Pinna, Auditory Canal, Ear Drum

Question 8

Pinna

Answer 8

Your “Ear”

Question 9

Auditory Canal

Answer 9

Amplifies sound

Question 10

Ear Drum

Answer 10

Thin membrane vibrating at frequency of sound wave and forms back wall of ear canal

Question 11

Middle Ear

Answer 11

Ossicles

Question 12

Ossicles

Answer 12

Hammer, anvil, stirrup. Amplify sound since they are larger than the oval window they connect to. Amplification necessary because change in air pressure about to be converted to waves of fluid.

Question 13

Inner Ear

Answer 13

Cochlea

Question 14

Cochlea

Answer 14

Contains tissues necessary to change the changes in fluid to neural impulses. Snail like

Question 15

Basilar Membrane

Answer 15

Runs length of cochlea separating oval window. Gets wider towards end of cochlea which requires low frequencies to vibrate

Question 16

Hair Cells

Answer 16

release neurotransmitter when moved

Question 17

Inner hair cells

Answer 17

Mainly responsible for transmission. Less numerous, but faster and have more than 20 direct links to brain. Help establish exact pitch of sound. Thick and myelinated

Question 18

Outer Hair Cells

Answer 18

More numerous, but less connections to the brain and slower. Share one direct link to brain with approx. 30 other cells. Thin and unmyelinated

Question 19

Tonotopic Organization

Answer 19

Organized by frequency

Question 20

Auditory Localization (Close Sounds)

Answer 20

Locate sounds by detectable loss of intensity since sound waves have to travel farther to reach one ear

Question 21

Auditory Localization (Far sounds)

Answer 21

Rely on differences in intensity caused by the head (sound shadow)

Question 22

Pinna Cues

Answer 22

Localize elevation of a sound source

Question 23

Echolocation

Answer 23

Process by which receiver emits sound pulses and analyzes returning echo to form perceptual image of objects