Form Perception

Question 1

Gestalt Principles

Answer 1

Laws of organization

Question 2

Figure-ground

Answer 2

ability to determine what aspect of visual scene is part of the object itself and what is the background

Question 3

Proximity

Answer 3

Objects that are close tend to belong together

Question 4

Closureq

Answer 4

If there is gap in a contour or shape, we tend to fill in those gaps and perceive a whole object

Question 5

Similarity

Answer 5

Tendency to group together elements that are physically similar

i.e. Xs and Os

Question 6

Continuity

Answer 6

Ability to perceive a simple, continuous form rather than a combo of awkward forms

Question 7

Common Fate

Answer 7

Tendency to group together elements that change in the same way

Question 8

Bottum-up processing

Answer 8

recognize objects by characteristic features

Question 9

Top-down processing

Answer 9

own beliefs/expectations are primary influence of what you’re seeing

Question 10

Biederman’s Geon Theory

Answer 10

36 different geons stored in memory that we use to identify objects

Question 11

Template Theory

Answer 11

Store many different templates in memory

Question 12

Prototype Theory

Answer 12

We store most typical or idea example in memory

Question 13

Perceptual Constancy

Answer 13

Ability to perceive an object as unchanging even if it is perceived as changing

Question 14

Shape Constancy

Answer 14

Perceive objects to have a constant shape even though the perception of the shape may change

Question 15

Location Constancy

Answer 15

Perceive objects around us as stationary even if the scene appears to be moving

Question 16

Size constancy

Answer 16

tend to see size of objects as unchanging even if size appears to change as distance grows

Question 17

Brightness Constancy

Answer 17

An object is perceived to be same brightness despite reflecting more or less light onto our retina

Question 18

Colour Constancy

Answer 18

Way we perceive objects around us to have a constant colour even if light stimulus may change with different conditions

Question 19

Muller-Lyer Illusion

Answer 19

Miss applying size constancy and depth perception

Question 20

Ames room

Answer 20

room that looks rectangular but actually trapezoidal so objects look bigger than they are

Question 21

Magno Cells

Answer 21

Found in periphery of retina. Detects changes in light

Question 22

Parvo Cells

Answer 22

Found throughout retina. Important for detecting colour, pattern, form

Question 23

Feature detectors

Answer 23

Cells in primary visual cortex. Very particular about what makes them fire

Question 24

Simple Cell

Answer 24

Responds maximally to a bar of a certain orientation in a paritcualr region of the retina

Question 25

Complex Cell

Answer 25

Responds maximally to a bar of a certain orientation and direction of movement, regardless of where it si

Question 26

Hyper Complex Cell

Answer 26

Responds maximally to certain orientation, direction, and end at specific points

Question 27

Topographical organization

Answer 27

neighbouring areas in field of view processed in neighbouring areas of brain

Question 28

Extrastriate Cortex

Answer 28

Surrounds primary visual cortex containing dorsal stream and ventral stream

Question 29

Dorsal Stream

Answer 29

Processes where objects are located and how they are moving. PVC to parietal cortex

Question 30

Ventral Stream

Answer 30

Processes info about what object is (form and colour). PVC to temporal cortex

Question 31

Preferential Looking Method

Answer 31

Infants prefer to look at patterns more than plain stimuli. Only prefer more complex stimuli they can percieve

Question 32

Infants Object Perception

Answer 32

Begin focusing whole objects at 2 months and partial forms at 3 months. Develop perceptual constancy at 4 months and colour and texture at 5 months.

Question 33

Face Perception

Answer 33

Infants prefer looking at faces over other stimuli. Prefer attractive faces at 2 months and can detect facial expressions at 5 months

Question 34

Visual Agnosia

Answer 34

Damage to extrastriate cortex disrupts object recognition (not sight)

Question 35

Object Agnosia

Answer 35

Inability to percieve objects

Question 36

Prosopagnosia

Answer 36

Inability to recognize faces