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microbiology > humoral immunity > Flashcards

humoral immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

Phases of humoral immune responses

A
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2
Q

T-dependent and T-independent antibody responses
types of b cells?
what Ab are produced (G, M, A)? affinity?
effector B-cells?

A

t dependent only occur with protein antigens

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3
Q 
Features of primary and secondary antibody responses 
lag after immunization
peak response 
Ab isotype
Ab affinity
A
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4
Q

Antigen receptor-mediated signal transduction in B lymphocytes

A

Ag binds surface bond Ig to, No APC needed
requires a cluster of receptors bound to the Ag to generate response at BCR complex
will result in a phos cascade that expresses TFs to induce gene epression

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5
Q

Role of innate immune signals in B cell activation, receptors involved?
how is BCR activated?

A

(A) complement receptor (CR2) binding by C3d bound to microbe.
(B) (B) Toll-like receptor (TLR) binding by PAMP.
both can help form receptor clusters to drive b cell activation

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6
Q

Functional consequences of antigen receptor-mediated B cell activation
changes in these cells?: increased expression in what genes? increased what to interact with T cells? increased expression what receptors? how to migrate out? generation of what kind of cells?
consequences of these changes?

A

s

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7
Q

Sequence of events in helper T cell-dependent antibody responses

A
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8
Q

Antigen presentation by B lymphocytes to helper T cells

A
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9
Q

Activated T cells that recognize antigen presented on B cells use _____ligand and _______ to activate the B cell

A

Activated T cells that recognize antigen presented on B cells use CD40 ligand and cytokines to activate the B cell

causes B cell dif and prolif for effector functions

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10
Q

The germinal center reaction

A
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11
Q

Immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain isotype (class) switching pathways, what signals produce the various Ig?

A

s

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12
Q

principal effector functions of IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA

A
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13
Q

Mechanism of immunoglobulin heavy-chain isotype switching

A
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14
Q

repeated exposure to a protein Ag causes creation of what? due to?

A

Repeated exposure to a protein antigen drives creation of higher affinity antibodies, due to interactions with Tfh

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15
Q

Selection of high-affinity B cells occurs where?

A

within the germinal centers

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16
Q

Somatic Hypermutation, purpose/enzyme used?

A

occurs to produce variable affinity Ab and high-affinity Ab, uses AID
AID = activation-induced deaminase is involved; deaminates cytosine (DNA base) to uracil. Sometimes uracil is cleaved (see isotype switching) and repaired by an error-prone mechanism. Even when uracil persists, it results in a base pairing change.

17
Q

Selection of high-affinity B cells mechanism

A
18
Q

FDCs

A

present antigen via antibodies bound to Fc receptors or complement receptors instead of MHC molecules
Antigens are never internalized by FDCs.
The antibodies are those that were secreted by B cells themselves.

19
Q 
T cell dependent B cell response vs T independent response 
type of Ag? 
Isotype switiching? 
affinity maturation?
plasma cells life span?
memory cells?
A
20
Q

Regulation of the humoral response occurs with?

A

Ab feedback
Humoral response terminated once sufficient quantities of IgG are produced to result in this combination of binding ona B cell (Ag binds both Ig and Fc receptor)

21
Q

Effector Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity

A
22
Q

IgG effector functions

A
23
Q

IgM effector functions

A
24
Q

IgA effector function

A
25
Q

IgE effector function

A
26
Q

Neutralization process of microbes and toxins by antibodies

what can the Ab bind to and what are the effects?

A

s

27
Q

Antibody-mediated opsonization and phagocytosis of microbes process

A
28
Q

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) process

A

Ag displayed on cell surface can be done without MHC, could be a viral protein associated with the membrane instead

29
Q

. IgE- and eosinophil-mediated killing of helminths process

A

IgE binds the Ag then bonds Fc receptors of the eosinphils to induce degranulation to kill hemiliths

30
Q

Complement System
part of which system?
classical pathway begins with?
diagrammed steps

A

Component of the Innate Immune Response

Classical pathway is part of Adaptive Immune Response
Classical pathway starts with recognition of antigen engaged antibodies by complement C1 protein.

31
Q

mucosal immunity

A

done with Transport of IgA through epithelium (produced in lamina propria)

microbiology (42 decks)

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