humoral immunity Flashcards
what cytokines activate resting t helper cells and where did they come from?
apc = IL1
resting T = IL2
what cytokines activate B cells and where did they come from?
Th = IL4 APC = IL1
what cytokines involved in division of B cells? where did they come from?
all from Th
IL2,4,5
what cytokines involved in differentiation of B cells? where did they come from?
all from Th
IL4,6,10
IFN gamma
what cytokine involved in all of steps of B cell?
IL4
structure of Abs
1 heavy chains Fab
2 light chains Fc
linked by disulfide bridge
how many Ag binding sites does 1 Ab have?
2
what differs between Abs?
N terminus
what is constant between Abs?
C terminus
what’s the major Ig in serum?
IgG
what is the structure of IgG?
monomeric
what is the major Ig in 2ndry immune response?
IgG
where is IgG found?
intra and extravascular fluid
what is the predominant antitoxin antibody?
IgG
what’s the only Ig that can cross the placenta?
IgG
what’s the structure of IgM
pentamer = 2 H and 2 L
what makes up 10-20% of serum?
IgM and IgA
what’s found mostly in intravascular fluids?
IgM
what’s the main Ig in primary antibody responses?
IgM
what’s responsible for immune responses to complex microbes?
IgM
what’s the structure of IgA
Monomer in serum, dimer in secretions
what is the secretory Ig?
A
IgA is a major Ig in what?
seromucous secretions: breast milk saliva colostrum bronchial genitourinary secretions
what is found in trace levels in the serum?
IgD and IgE
what’s found in large quantities on B cell surface?
IgD
what’s responsible for Ag triggered differentiation of B cells?
IgD
what’s found in high levels in allergies?
igE
what’s present on basophils and mast cells?
igE
what has an immunity to worms?
igE
what induces allergies like asthma?
igE
Fc region is for binding to what?
phagocytes and NK cells
direct effects of Abs
neutralize toxins
prevent entry of viruses and bacteria
agglutination of bacteria
indirect effects of Abs
activate complements
opsonization
degranulation of mast cells
4 stages of Ab repsonse
lag
log
plateau
declinw
lag
no Ab in serum but its starting to make them
log
ab starting to increase
plateau
steady level of Ab
peak = 14 days
decline
ab starting to decrease
what comes first igm or igg?
igm
what increases greatly in the secondary response?
igg
what makes up 10% of serum proteins?
complement
how are complements activated? (2 ways)
classical = ab bound to ag alternative = directly by various microbes
