Humanistic Psychotherapy Flashcards
Who was the leading figure in humanistic psychotherapy?
Carl Rogers
Humanism was a reaction against…
Freud’s approach
What did humanism assume?
that human nature wasn’t so bad (id-driven)
non-directive, client-centered and person-centered are overlapping terms for
humanism
What is self-actualization?
the inborn tendency to grow
What is “prizing”?
a need for positive regard- warmth, acceptance, love
Sometimes, people are forced to sacrifice self-actualization in order to obtain …
positive regard from important others (e.g., parents)
The primary goal of humanistic psychotherapy is to…
foster self-actualization
What is the problem thought to be stemming from ?
stifled self-actualization or growth
What is the task of the therapist?
to create a climate in which the client can resume his natural growth toward psychological wellness
there is not conditions of …
worth on the client
What is congruence?
when their real selves matches their ideal selves - the root of psychological wellness
What is incongruence?
Mismatch between real and ideal selves - root of psychopathology
What are the three essential therapeutic conditions in humanistic therapy that make it difficult to manualize?
empathy, unconditional positive regard and genuiness
What is empathy
♣ Sense the client’s emotions just as the client would
♣ Deep, nonjudgmental, compassionate understanding of client’s experiences
What is UPR?
♣ Accepting or “prizing” the client “no matter what”
What is genuineness
♣ Honesty toward client, rather than playing a role
Rogers argued that empathy, UPR and genuineness were…
What does the research suggest?
necessary and sufficient for successful therapy which is controversial
Research is inconsistent; generally, supports necessary, but not sufficient
What is one response that humanists do emphasize?
reflection of feeling
What is reflection of feeling?
when a therapist responds to a client by rephrasing or restating the client’s statements in a way that highlights the client’s feelings or emotions.
What are two historical alternative to humanism?
existential psychotherapy and gestalt therapy
What does existential psychotherapy address?
anxiety of inescapable solitude of life
What is gestalt therapy? what does it often use?
Holistic approach to enhancing current experience (“the now”); often uses role-plays
gestalt therapy conceptualizes a person as an …
suggests that people engage in …
organized whole
self-defeating behaviors which deflect them from expression their true selves
anxiety and depression result from…
being diverted from the now
What does gestalt therapy focus on?
- increasing awareness of the now (mindful),
- non-verbal behaviour,
- accepting responsibility,
- confrontation,
- insight = awareness of one’s experience that may appear in a meaningful pattern
What is the empty chair technique in gestalt therapy?
carry out a conversation with a person who is not present which may be healing for them to let go of their anger
What is the top dog-under dog technique?
o Underlines bipolarity in personality
o Top dog is righteous, authoritarian and bullying “You should…”
o Underdog manipulates (defensive, apologetic) to gain power “I try my best”
- Top dog may the judgemental side of yourself
- Both are parts of yourself
What is a contemporary variation of humanistic therapy?
Motivational interviewing
Motivational interviewing addresses client’s…
ambivalence or uncertainty about making major changes
Motivational interviewing helps the client see…
the discrepancy between their behaviour and values
Motivational interviewing elicits…
motivation to change rather than imposing change on the client
what movement is motivational learning consistent with?
the positive psychology movement
What are 6 essential principles of MI?
o Expressing empathy (taking clients POV)
o Developing the discrepancy (highlight how a child is inconsistent with his/her goals and values)
o Avoiding argumentation (rather than confronting clients, recognize that they need to choose to change)
o Rolling with resistance (when the client is hesitant, they accept and reflect the feelings rather than battle them)
o Identifying “sustain talk” (resistance to change) and “change talk” (statement that favour changing the problem)
o Supporting self-efficacy (tell clients they have the power to improve themselves)
What does positive interventions and strength-based counseling (a.k.a. positive psychology) emphasize ?
human strengths. by bolstering strengths it can prevent and treat psychological problems
What are 2 types of therapies for positive interventions and strength-based counseling?
positive interventions, strength-based counseling
What is emotionally focused therapy?
- A short term humanistic therapy that emphasizes expression, acknowledgment, and the healing power of emotions in the present moment
- Therapist encourages client to show feelings wholly and completely; therapist provides unconditional acceptance
what does the book say?
How Clients Make Therapy Work: The Process of Active Self-Healing by Arthur Bohart and Karen Tallman
trying to create a better problem-solving climate rather than one of trying to fix the person
What does this go against?
symptom-focused, manualized approaches to therapy
humanistic outcome research has declined in recent years. T or F?
True
Meta-analysis suggest…
humanistic is as beneficial as many of the other major therapies
