Behavioural Psychotherapy Flashcards
Behaviourism represents
a reaction against the lack of empiricism inherent in psychodynamic and humanistic approaches
What is the primary goal of behaviour therapy?
observable behaviour change
There is no emphasis on internal mental processes but there is on…
empiricism
The first step of observing the phenomenon is
defining a target behaviour and establishing a base level
the second step is
establishing goals and planning interventions
the third step is
implementing the intervention
the fourth step is
collect data and compare to baseline and goals
what is the 5th step
modify the plan
what is the problem with the scientific intervention?
the client needs to be on board to put in the work
What does SORC stand for?
stimulus
organism
response
consequence
the stimulus occurs..
occurs before the target behaviour
the organism means
organism variables relevant to the target behaviour
the response would be
the target behaviour
C means the
consequence
explain the Jimmy examples from the SORC model
see notes
what usually happens when measuring frequency?
things will get better before they get worse
the SORC model can’t be used for every problem but it is very good for …
parenting
you can intervene at any level of the SORC model but
you can only manipulate one level at a time
How is the ABC model similar to the SORC? basically what does it represent in the SORC?
- A = Antecedent – similar to “situation”
- B = Behavior – similar to “response”
- C = Consequence – outcome
what are the two goals go behavioural therapy?
- defining problems behaviourally and 2. measuring change observably
behavioural definitions make it easy to identify target behaviours and measure changes in therapy. T or F?
True
T or F? Introspection is an applicable way to measure change?
FALSE
classical conditioning is used a lot to treat…
anxiety
Explain the classical conditioning example with the dogs
Exemplified by Pavlov’s dog studies
UCS evokes UCR
UCS and CS are paired (occur together)
CS evokes CR
CR is essentially the same as UCR, but in response to CS
Generalization or discrimination to similar stimuli may take place
Operant conditioning is used a lot for …
parenting especially behavioural disorders like ADHD and pet training
What happens in operant conditioning?
notices the consequences of the behaviour, and incorporates those consequences into decisions regarding future behaviour
operant conditioning is a more …
active style fo learning than classical conditioning
T or F? Contingencies, or internal “if… then… “statements, are the product of operant conditioning
TRUE TRUE TRUE
What is exposure therapy and what is it often used for?
o Often used to treat anxiety disorders and OCD
o Client is repeatedly “exposed” to the fear object and the expected aversive outcome does not take place -> client no longer experiences the fear response
exposure can be real or
imagined
systematic desensitization is often used for
phobias and other anxiety disorders
systematic desensitization is similar to exposure therapy, but
relaxation training is included
why is relaxation included and good for anxiety?
Relaxation is incompatible with anxiety
what does it mean when counterconditioning occurs in systematic desensitization?
when relaxation response
replaces anxiety response
What is assertiveness training targeting ?
targets social anxiety
what does assertiveness training also include?
exposure and systematic desensitization
• Facing interpersonal fears
o Includes direct instructions, modeling, rehearsal, and homework
What is contingency management?
Powerful way to change behavior is change the contingencies controlling it
If consequences change, behavior changes
aversion therapy is a type of contingency therapy based on
punishment of unwanted therapy
extinction
removal of an expected reinforcement to eventually decrease behaviour (usually get worse before it gets better)
What are token economies?
setting in which clients earn token for participation in predetermined target behaviours (inpatient, prison)
shaping is best used for behaviours that are completely and challenging, T or F?
True
What is behavioural activation based on in regard to depressed people?
that they lack positive reinforcement
what is the goal of behavioural activation?
increase frequency of positively reinforcing behaviours
what is observational learning
learn from contingencies applied to other people
in observational learning similarity to the client
increases learning
an alternative to behaviour therapy is behavioural consultation, what is it?
indirect way for therapist to modify a client’s behaviour by helping the cosultee
parent training and teacher training, what is it?
specific form of behavioural consultation when the parent seek help with child or teacher with student
T or F: Behaviour therapies have a significant amount of empirical support, especially in comparison to most other forms of therapy
TRUE
Especially for anxiety disorders, depression, and children’s behavior disorders
