Ch.5 - Ethics Flashcards
Something that is aspirational is a
general principle
Something that is enforceable is a
ethical standard
What is a general principle?
section that describes an ideal level of function or what we should aspire for
What is an ethical standard?
rules of conduct that can mandate specific levels of behaviour and can be specifically violated
What are the 5 ethical principles and what do they means?
Beneficence and Nonmaleficence o Should only benefit not harm them Fidelity and Responsibility o You have a responsibility to act in a certain manner towards society, clients & co-workers Integrity o Honest & straight forward Justice o Treat everyone fairly not biased Respect for people’s rights and dignity
The following are all…
- Resolving Ethical Issues
- Competence
- Human Relations
- Privacy and Confidentiality
- Advertising and Other Public Statements
- Record Keeping and Fees
- Education and Training
- Research and Publication
- Assessment
- Therapy
categories of ethical standards
What is the CPA 10 steps for ethical decision making?
- Identify all people affected
- Clarify issues
- Personal biases/conflicts of interest
- Brainstorm plan of action
- Weigh each
- Make choice after weighing
- Act on choice & accept responsibility
- Evaluate
- See if need revision
- Review events with view to prevention
Where do many behaviours fall for psychologists?
In the grey area between non ethical and ethical
What are the 4 CPA ethics and what do they mean?
- Respect for the Dignity of Persons
- Informed consent, confidentiality (what If someone is in a court case) - Responsible Caring
- Competence (make sure you have the training for a specific area) & self-knowledge (what are your limits?) - Integrity in Relationships
- Honesty, lack of bias, avoid deception - Responsibility to Society
- Benefits to society, share knowledge
While sometimes situations arise where this can be broken, psychologists are obligated to maintain
confidentiality
Explain Tarasoff and the Duty to warn
Tarasoff is a court case regarding a college student client who told his therapist he was going to kill his girlfriend (Tatiana Tarasoff)
Therapist contacted campus police who detained him, but after he was released, he killed her
Her family sued and won
The finding was that the therapist has the “duty to warn” the potential victim
This finding now sets a precedent all therapists for breaking confidentiality
Parents have the right to be informed, T or F?
True. However, the psychologists will usually tell parents they will only disclose if they think it is beneficial
When might you break confidentiality with a child client?
If you suspect abuse, and that reporting the abuse will not make it worse
Why is confidentiality so important to children?
They will often confide more if they can be assured that psychologists will not repeat everything to their parents
What is required for research, assessment, therapy, and other professional activities ?
informed consent
In therapy, informed consent is …
on going rather than a one time thing
Informed consent also means that client can…
ask questions and receive answers
What is multiple relationships?
Knowing someone professionally and in some other way (romantic, sexual, friendship)
Multiple relationships are unethical when…(2)
o Psychologist’s objectivity, competence, or judgment can be impairs
o Exploitation or harm could result
Boundary crossing (minor, often harmless) can lead to…
boundary violations (major, often harmful)
What does it mean to have competence?
Sufficiently capable, skilled, experienced, and expert to complete the professional tasks they undertake
What are the boundaries of competence?
Psychologists should know their limits and seek additional training or supervision when necessary
How can we maintain competence ?
continued education
What is an important type of competence?
cultural competence
How can burnout be minimized?
by efforts by the psychologist to keep job varied, keep life balanced, keep expectations reasonable, and keep self-healthy
How is there ethics in test selection?
Need to consider competence of the client, what culture the client is from and whether the test has high validity and reliability
How is there ethics in test security ?
We don’t allow test materials to enter public domain and require certain certifications do get the material
How is there ethics in test data?
Data should be shred only at the client’s request and if it will benefit them
What is managed care companies emphasis on?
sometimes the financial bottom line causing an ethical conflict inside the psychologists of trying to keep the session short but also helping
How could the manage care companies reduce this conflict?
put information in the informed consent process
How can diagnostic decisions be influenced by mamboed care companies requirements
may push a clinician to give a stronger diagnosis so the company will pay for the client to have sessions
What are 4 ethical issues with psychological test online?
- questionable reliability and validity
- identity of the client
- testing condition
- inability to observe behaviour during testing
What is an ethical issue that seems to arise in small communities?
multiple relationships
How can we lessen the damage or potential damage of multiple relationships?
o Discuss up front with clients
o Clarify boundaries
o Avoid impaired judgement and exploitation
