Humanistic approach- approaches

Question 1

assumptions

Answer 1

people are self determining- they have free will and the ability to determine their own development

Question 2

self-actualisation

Answer 2

the desire to grow and develop to reach our full potential

Question 3

self

Answer 3

all ideas and values we have about ourselves

Question 4

ideal-self

Answer 4

perception of the best version of ourselves

Question 5

incongruence

Answer 5

a large gap between the ‘self’ and ‘ideal self’.
This leads to low self worth and prevents us from progressing through the hierarchy of needs- due to this we cant self-actualise

Question 6

congruence

Answer 6

little or no gap between ‘self’ and ‘ideal-self’

Question 7

MASLOW

Answer 7

• humans are motivated by needs beyond basic biological survival
• the 4 levels of his hierarchy must be met before someone tries to self-actualise
• the higher level needs are a later evolutionary development of humans

Question 8

Maslows hierarchy of needs

Answer 8

1) self-actualisation
2) self-esteem
3) love
4) safety
5) physiological needs

Question 9

CARL ROGERS

Answer 9

• humans have basic need to be nurtured and valued by people who are significant in their lives
• -> if this is given through unconditional positive regard, people will develop a healthy self-worth which is essential for self-actualisation
• the whole person must be studied in their environmental context
• created client-centred therapy to reduce the gap between ‘self’ and ‘ideal self’

Question 10

What did Maslow and rogers believe causes psychological problems

Answer 10

imposing conditions of worth/ parents who set boundaries of love for child causes it.

they said that effective therapists were those who gave clients unconditional positive regard that their parents lacked to give

Question 11

advantages of the humanistic approach

Answer 11

• Non-deterministic
• recognises the influence of nature and nurture
• a holistic approach- focuses on individuals experience as a whole to investigate behaviour
• client-centred therapy is beneficial as it tells clients they have free will and the ability to change their lives

Question 12

Disadvantages of the humanistic approach

Answer 12

• unrealistic
• Incoherent- says we have free will but also says behaviours determined by the way people treat us
• lack of empirical evidence- interpretations of data’s influenced by bias
• client-centered therapy cant treat serious mental disorders