Approaches- Biological approach

Question 1

assumptions

Answer 1

thinking and behaviours are strongly determined by biological factors

Question 2

genotype

Answer 2

the genetic make up of an individual- its a collection of inherited genetic material

Question 3

phenotype

Answer 3

the observable characteristics of an individual, its the consequence of the genotype + environment

Question 4

evolution / natural selection

Answer 4

genes that enhance our chances of survival that then pass onto the next generation

Question 5

what are twin studies?

Answer 5

• a way that psychologists study whether behaviours determined by the environment or genetics
• do this through by examining the extent of similarity of twin characteristics (concordance rates)

Question 6

concordance rates

Answer 6

the genetic similarity between 2 people in a percentage

Question 7

monozygotic (identical)

Answer 7

genetically identical- formed from 1 fertilised egg
100% genetics shared
same sex

Question 8

dizygotic (fraternal)

Answer 8

50% genetics shared- formed from 2 separate eggs
won’t be any genetically closer than brothers and sisters
not always same sex

Question 9

Advantages of the biological approach

Answer 9

• uses scientific research methods which produces objective data that can be peer reviewed
• with understanding of neurotransmitters, drugs have been developed to help mental disorders which allow patients to live a normal life- but cant cure them

Question 10

Disadvantages of the biological approach

Answer 10

• determinist- says behaviours caused entirely by biological factors
• reductionists- reduces behaviour to our genetics and neglects our environment/ past. This encourages people to not take responsibility for their actions
• usually dont fine 100% concordance rates in MZ twins for mental disorders which shows that environmental factors must be involved