Humanistic approach Flashcards
Basic assumptions
- every individual is unique
- we have free will
- people should be viewed holistically ( as a whole )
- the scientific method is not appropriate to measure behaviour so it is unfalsifiable
Origins and history
When did the humanistic movement develop in America?
In the early 1950’s
Origins and history
Why was it named the 3rd force ?
Because it aimed to replace the 2 main approaches
Behaviourism
Psychoanalysis
What did humanism intend to offer ?
A less deterministic and artificial approach
What are humanistic theories concerned with ?
Human experiences
Uniqueness
Meaning
Freedom
Choice
What kind of approach is the humanistic approach?
A person-centred approach
What do we mean by free will ?
Humans can make conscious choices that are not determined by biological or external forces
What does the humanistic approach beleive that humans are in terms of free will ?
Active agents
- that we actively have a choice in our behaviour
state Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
self actualization
esteem
love/belonging
safety
physiological needs
what must happen in order to move to the next need ?
all levels must be completed before you move to the next need
what are physiological needs ?
physical requirements for human survival
food, water, sleep, breathing health
what is the most important level in the hierarchy of needs ?
physiological needs
what is meant by security needs ?
this includes security of:
- body, employment , resources, morality, family, property, health
what is meant by social needs / love and belonging ?
when humans need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance
examples of love and belonging ?
friendship, family , social interactions, intimacy , affection
what is meant by esteem needs ?
it refers to the normal human desire to be accepted and valued by others
what is meant by self actualisation ?
the achievement of a full potential
it’s the ultimate feeling of well-being and satisfaction
what does Carl Rogers suggest ?
he suggests that we have 3 selves that need to integrate to achieve self actualisation
what are the 3 selves proposed by rogers ?
- self concept
- ideal self
- the real self
what is meant by self concept ?
- it is the self that people believe they are and this may be distorted by a low self-esteem and so make a poor self concept
what is meant by the ideal self ?
- the person you wish and strive to be
how do you know if someone has not reached their ideal self ?
if they say that they wish to be a certain way
what is meant by the real self ?
the person that you actually are and not who you wish or believe that you are
what does Rogers say that we must be to achieve self actualisation ?
a person must be congurent
what is meant by congurence in terms of Carl Roger’s selves ?
- it is when the 3 selves are the same
what is an important part of achieving congurence ?
unconditional positive regard
what is meant by unconditional positive regard ?
this refers to being loved for who you are by someone else
- this can also be a therapist
what are conditions of worth also known as ?
conditional positive regard
what is meant by conditions of worth ?
these are conditions that a person feels they need to meet to be loved
- they can be real or perceived by the individual
what did Rogers also develop ?
he developed client centred therapy (counselling)
what is the importance of client-therapist relationship ?
therapists need to make their client feel comfortable and accepted so that the client can feel unconditional positive regard
if they feel like they could say anything they will be more honest and this will allow them to become congurent to get self actualisation
