Humanistic approach

Question 1

Basic assumptions

Answer 1

• every individual is unique
• we have free will
• people should be viewed holistically ( as a whole )
• the scientific method is not appropriate to measure behaviour so it is unfalsifiable

Question 2

Origins and history
When did the humanistic movement develop in America?

Answer 2

In the early 1950’s

Question 3

Origins and history
Why was it named the 3rd force ?

Answer 3

Because it aimed to replace the 2 main approaches
Behaviourism
Psychoanalysis

Question 4

What did humanism intend to offer ?

Answer 4

A less deterministic and artificial approach

Question 5

What are humanistic theories concerned with ?

Answer 5

Human experiences
Uniqueness
Meaning
Freedom
Choice

Question 6

What kind of approach is the humanistic approach?

Answer 6

A person-centred approach

Question 7

What do we mean by free will ?

Answer 7

Humans can make conscious choices that are not determined by biological or external forces

Question 8

What does the humanistic approach beleive that humans are in terms of free will ?

Answer 8

Active agents
- that we actively have a choice in our behaviour

Question 9

state Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 9

self actualization
esteem
love/belonging
safety
physiological needs

Question 10

what must happen in order to move to the next need ?

Answer 10

all levels must be completed before you move to the next need

Question 11

what are physiological needs ?

Answer 11

physical requirements for human survival
food, water, sleep, breathing health

Question 12

what is the most important level in the hierarchy of needs ?

Answer 12

physiological needs

Question 13

what is meant by security needs ?

Answer 13

this includes security of:
- body, employment , resources, morality, family, property, health

Question 14

what is meant by social needs / love and belonging ?

Answer 14

when humans need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance

Question 15

examples of love and belonging ?

Answer 15

friendship, family , social interactions, intimacy , affection

Question 16

what is meant by esteem needs ?

Answer 16

it refers to the normal human desire to be accepted and valued by others

Question 17

what is meant by self actualisation ?

Answer 17

the achievement of a full potential
it’s the ultimate feeling of well-being and satisfaction

Question 18

what does Carl Rogers suggest ?

Answer 18

he suggests that we have 3 selves that need to integrate to achieve self actualisation

Question 19

what are the 3 selves proposed by rogers ?

Answer 19

• self concept
• ideal self
• the real self

Question 20

what is meant by self concept ?

Answer 20

• it is the self that people believe they are and this may be distorted by a low self-esteem and so make a poor self concept

Question 21

what is meant by the ideal self ?

Answer 21

• the person you wish and strive to be

Question 22

how do you know if someone has not reached their ideal self ?

Answer 22

if they say that they wish to be a certain way

Question 23

what is meant by the real self ?

Answer 23

the person that you actually are and not who you wish or believe that you are

Question 24

what does Rogers say that we must be to achieve self actualisation ?

Answer 24

a person must be congurent

Question 25

what is meant by congurence in terms of Carl Roger’s selves ?

Answer 25

• it is when the 3 selves are the same

Question 26

what is an important part of achieving congurence ?

Answer 26

unconditional positive regard

Question 27

what is meant by unconditional positive regard ?

Answer 27

this refers to being loved for who you are by someone else
- this can also be a therapist

Question 28

what are conditions of worth also known as ?

Answer 28

conditional positive regard

Question 29

what is meant by conditions of worth ?

Answer 29

these are conditions that a person feels they need to meet to be loved
- they can be real or perceived by the individual

Question 30

what did Rogers also develop ?

Answer 30

he developed client centred therapy (counselling)

Question 31

what is the importance of client-therapist relationship ?

Answer 31

therapists need to make their client feel comfortable and accepted so that the client can feel unconditional positive regard
if they feel like they could say anything they will be more honest and this will allow them to become congurent to get self actualisation