Humanism and Threats to the Church Flashcards
Wo were the lollards?
.Small minority founded by John Wycliffe who criticised the Church’s beliefs and practices.
.Sceptical of transubstantiation and Eucharist principles.
.Translate Bible to Latin?
.Church corrupt and denied Priesthood’s special status.
.Seemed widespread - declined after failed 1414 uprising.
What was Humanism?
.Late 1480s - Grocyn and Linacre experienced in Florence - Oxford lectures and scientific thinking.
.1499 - Erasmus - epitomised new learning.
.Colet - reform Church from within.
.More - ideas boosted under Henry VIII.
.Classical language texts and grammar schools developed.
Who was John Colet?
.Bible study, critical of clergy standards of sermon, Church reformation to come, renaissance promoted, theologian.
.Dean of St Paul’s, refounded St Paul’s school 1512, 1497 - deacon then priest, accused of heresy, humanist ideas to Italy.
Who was Sit Thomas More?
.Against protestant reformation, religious pluralism, state control of education, euthanasia, women’s rights.
.Book Utopia, lawyer, humanist scholar, 1529-1532 Lord Chancellor but unhappy with Henry VIII, Star Chambre, new legal system.
Who was Desiderius Erasmus?
.Traditional ceremony rejection and education, Christian Humanism, Critical of Church abuse, free will given by God, education important.
.1504 - The handbook of a Christian Soldier, studies of the past, New Testament translated to Latin and Greek, Renaissance Humanism founder, contributed to Reformation.
Define Renaissance.
Period of rebirth - Cultural, political, economic change to rebuild thinking. Worldly development and questioning.
Define Humanism.
Free will and catholic faith. Study of original classic texts and challenging the Church. Intellectual movement. Satirical and artistic/educational.
.1477 Caxton Printing Press - Erasmus’ book.
What were the monastic orders?
.1500, 1% men were monks and 900 communities.
.Benedictines, Cisterians and Carthusians.
.Durham, Yorkshire, Mount Grace and houses of fountains.
.Many social backgrounds but mainly larger houses - richer parts.
.Predominantly recruited locality.
Who were the friars?
.13th century arose - Among lay people - charity donations supported them.
.Dominicans preaching order, Franciscans and Augustinians (lower down).
.Harper bill - “great days were over”
.Substantial bequests from wills of faithful.
What were the nunneries?
.1270-1536 - 130 nunneries, mostly Benedictine or Cistercian.
.Small, poor - less prestige than men’s orders.
.Bridgetine Foundation - men and women - Middlesex at Syon.
