Foreign Policy

Question 1

What was happening in Europe?

Answer 1

.Scotland - 400,000 people - border raids.
.Burgundy - Cloth trade. Margaret of Burgundy.
.HRE - Maximilian. Powerful and strong.
.Italy - many states - weak.
.Spain - unified - drive away the Moors and take back Navarre. Naples.
.France - Greatest power and biggest army.
.Brittany - Henry owed them a debt of gratitude.
.England - Yorkist pretenders, Netherlands Calais.
.Ireland - Good for invasion, supported Yorkists.

Question 2

What happened with Scotland?

Answer 2

.Auld alliance with France.
.James IV helped Warbeck - invaded in 1496.
.Cornish Rebellion - Treaty of Ayton 1497.
.1502 Treaty of Perpetual Peace - marry Henry’s daughter Margaret.

Question 3

What happened with Burgundy?

Answer 3

.Antwerp and Bruges.
.Margaret a Yorkist but 1493 - Philip took over.
Trade embargo until 1496 - 95 Warbeck left - Intercursus Magnus.
.Treaty of Windsor - 1506 -give Earl of Suffolk.

Question 4

What happened in Brittany?

Answer 4

.Duchess Anne declined marriage to Maximilian and Charles VIII.
.1487 France invaded, support pretenders.
.1489 Treaty of Redon.
.Treaty of Dordrecht and Medino del Campo (1489/92) - Anne to marry Charles VIII.
.Henry sent army - Treaty of Etaples 1492, PW and pension.

Question 5

What happened with Spain?

Answer 5

.Medina del Campo - pretenders, Arthur to marry Catherine.
.1504 Isabella died - Joana and Philip given it.
.1504 Treaty of Blois with France against Castile?
.1506 - Treaty of Windsor - Henry marry Margaret, lose Suffolk.
.1506 - Philip dies.
.1507 - Malus Intercursus given up.

Question 6

What happened with Ireland?

Answer 6

.Only controlled Pale.
.Earl of Kildare supported Yorkists.
.Henry lieutenant and Poynings deputy.
.1495 Poynings Law but too expensive so Kildare back.
.1496 - Kildare submits, rebuild family fortunes and 1500 - cheap and peaceable authority.

Question 7

How did trade improve?

Answer 7

.1509 - £40,000 20% increase from 1485.
.Small royal navy and dry-dock at Portsmouth.
.John and Sebastian Cabot transatlantic voyages.

Question 8

What was Intercursus Magnus, 1496?

Answer 8

English merchants could trade freely in all of Burgundy ports except Flanders. After embargo.

Question 9

Define Hansa.

Answer 9

Trading coalition of German cities.

Question 10

What was the Treaty of Redon, 1489?

Answer 10

Brittany and England. Duchess of Brittany pain for English troops to defend Brittany from a French invasion.

Question 11

What was the Treaty of Etaples, 1489?

Answer 11

France and England. Reduced restrictions in trading, kick out Warbeck and France give a pension to England.

Question 12

What was Intercursus Malus, 1506?

Answer 12

England and Burgundy. Not put into action but handed over Earl of Suffolk. Part of the Treaty of Windsor.

Question 13

Treaty of Medina del Campo, 1489?

Answer 13

England and Spain. Marriage Treaty, equal trade between countries and Spain won’t support pretenders.

Question 14

Treaty of Windsor, 1506?

Answer 14

England and Joana (Catille) and Philip (HRE). Support to conquer Castile and Henry marry Margaret.

Question 15

Treaty of Perpetual Peace, 1502?

Answer 15

England and Scotland. Truce after the Cornish Rebellion. Kick out Perkin Warbeck and marriage.

Question 16

Who married who and why?

Answer 16

Arthur and Catherine - Spain marriage alliance.
Henry VIII and Catherine.
Louis XII of France and Mary - Secure relations after Henry dies (1514).
James IV and Margaret - strengthen Scottish alliance.

Question 17

Arthur and Catherines marriage?

Answer 17

.Part of Treaty of Medina del Campo.
.Agreed 1499 due to dowry issues and Warbeck making dynasty unstable.
.1502.
.Good relations, trade improved, but then Arthur died.

Question 18

Henry and Catherine of Aragon?

Answer 18

.Henry to marry Philip’s sister angered Ferdinand.
.Offered to marry Louis XII’S niece, Margaret of Angouleme.
.1509 after Henry became King.
.Caused tension and Ferdinand annoyed.

Question 19

Margaret and James IV?

Answer 19

.Part of the Treaty of Perpetual Peace.
.Arranged in 1502 but happened in 1503.
.Stopped border raids and removed Warbeck but still tension.

Question 20

Mary and Louis XII?

Answer 20

.Suggested to marry Archduke Charles, Philip and Joana’s eldest son.
.During Henry VIII’S reign.
. Peaceful relations with France.

Question 21

How did Henry VII’s marriages fail?

Answer 21

Joanna of Naples - Ferdinand’s niece. He encouraged it as French relations deteriorated but Isabella died and his daughter Joana tried to take Castile.

Margaret of Savoy - Maximilian’s daughter and Philip’s sister. Ferdinand was angered and wouldn’t let Catherine marry Henry. 1506 - Philip died and she was the Netherlands’ regent. Maximilian improved but Margaret not up for marriage.

Joana of Castile - Ferdinand wanted an alliance against the French and said her madness was exaggerated by Philip but Ferdinand refused and didn’t send the rest of Catherine’s dowry.

Question 22

How problematic was Arthur’s death?

Answer 22

.Henry was 11 - not trained (1502).
.Pretenders - Edmund and Richard de la Pole.
.Foreign threats.
.Uncertainty amongst nobles/Council Learned - jock for position.
.Spain relations in turmoil.
.Duke of Buckingham - Edward III descendant.
.Henry lost an heir.

Question 23

How problematic was Elizabeth’s death?

Answer 23

.Henry’s health declining - remarriage needed for heirs.
.Edmund de la Pole and Suffolk flee abroad.
.Still recovering from Arthur’s death 1 year before.
.No more heirs/marriages.
.1503.