Human Resources Flashcards
What does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) prohibit?
Employment discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, national origin, and includes cases of retaliation.
What are Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications (BFOQs)?
Employment decisions should be based on BFOQs or business necessities.
Define sexual harassment under the law.
Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature.
What is ‘quid pro quo’ in the context of sexual harassment?
Behavior or demands for sex that forces an employee to choose between giving in to sexual demands or losing their job.
What constitutes a hostile work environment?
A workplace infused with intimidation, ridicule, and insult severe enough to create an uncomfortable or abusive working environment.
What did the 1998 Supreme Court decisions on sexual harassment establish?
Sexual harassment can involve same-sex harassment and employers can be held responsible for supervisors’ misconduct.
What age group does the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 protect?
Individuals aged 40 and older.
What does the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 prohibit?
Discrimination based on pregnancy, childbirth, or medical conditions.
What is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990?
Prohibits discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities in all facets of employment.
What are the three groups protected under the ADA?
- Individuals with a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity.* A person with a record of disability.* A person regarded as having a disability.
What does ‘reasonable accommodation’ mean?
Any modification or adjustment to a job or work environment that enables a qualified applicant or employee with a disability to participate.
What does the Civil Rights Act of 1991 extend?
Extends Title VII to include age and disability discrimination and allows for jury trials and punitive damages.
What does the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 ensure?
Reemployment of employees following military leave of absence under five years.
What is the Immigration and Reform Act’s requirement regarding employee eligibility?
Prohibits the hiring of aliens not eligible for U.S. employment and requires citizenship verification.
List some outcomes that depend on a complete job analysis.
- Training Programs.* Job Evaluation.* Compensation Planning.* Performance Appraisals.
What are the steps involved in analyzing jobs?
- Selecting jobs for analysis.* Determining what kind of information to collect.* Determining how to collect information.* Processing this information.* Writing job descriptions and specifications.
What is included in a job description?
- Job identification data.* Job summary.* Job duties.* Job specifications.
What does job design refer to?
How work is to be done.
What are the techniques of job design?
- Job Simplification.* Job Enlargement.* Job Rotation.* Job Enrichment.
What are the two general approaches to forecasting labor demand?
- Bottom-up Forecasting.* Top-down Forecasting.
What is the purpose of performance standards?
To establish the required levels of quality in the work performed.
What is reliability in the context of selection practices?
The consistency and dependability of a selection process over time.
What does validity refer to in selection practices?
The degree to which a selection process measures or predicts what it is intended to measure.
What are the recommended sections of application forms?
- Previous work experience.* Educational background.* Employment history.* Work references.* Personal references.
What is negligent hiring?
The employer’s failure to exercise reasonable care in the selection of employees.
What are some common selection errors and biases?
- Similarity Error.* Contrast Error.* Overweighing Negative Information.* Race, Sex and Age Bias.* First Impression Error.
What types of interview questions are there?
- Closed-Ended Questions.* Open-Ended Questions.
What are the purposes of orientation programs?
- Reduce stress for new employees.* Provide necessary information.* Start employees on the right foot.
What is life-long learning?
The process of continuing to develop knowledge and skills after formal education.
What are the steps in the training cycle?
- Development and conduct a needs assessment.* Identify training objectives.* Establish training criteria.* Select trainees.* Pretest trainees.* Choose training methods.* Implement training.* Evaluate training program.
What are the functions of performance appraisals?
- Performance Feedback.* Employee Training and Development.* Decision-Making Tool.
What are the characteristics of effective performance appraisals?
- Construct validity.* Content validity.* Inter-rater reliability.* Consistency.
What are the principal types of rating systems?
- Trait-based ratings.* Behavior-based ratings.* Results-based ratings.
What is the Halo error?
A cognitive bias where an observer’s overall impression of a person influences their feelings and thoughts about that person’s character or properties.
What are the principal types of rating systems in performance appraisals?
1) Trait-based ratings
2) Behavior-based ratings
3) Results-based ratings
What are the Twenty Factors of the IRS in determining if a worker is an employee or an independent contractor?
- Instructions
- Training
- Integration
- Services rendered personally
- Hiring, supervising and paying assistants
- Continuing relationship
- Set hours of work
- Full time required
- Doing work on the club’s premises
- Order or sequence of work
- Oral or written reports
- Payment by hour, week or month
- Payment of business or traveling expenses
- Furnishing tools and materials
- Right to fire
- Workers’ right to terminate
- Significant investment
- Realization of profit or loss
- Working for more than one business
- Making services available to the general public
Why should golf and tennis professionals consider incorporation?
The contract is between the club and the corporation, and a corporate officer is defined as an employee by statute.
What is immediate compensation?
Includes base pay (either salaries or wages) and items such as merit pay or sales commission.
What is deferred compensation?
Benefits including insurance, pensions, social security, and pay for time not worked, such as vacations and sick leave.
Define external equity in compensation.
Pay variations among similar clubs in a particular market.
Define internal equity in compensation.
Pay variations within a particular club.
What are the job evaluation methods?
1) Ranking Method
2) Classification Method
3) Point Method
4) Factor Comparison Method
What is the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)?
Federal law that establishes minimum wage, overtime pay eligibility, recordkeeping, and youth employment.
True or False: All non-exempt employees must be paid time and one-half their regular rate for each hour worked over 40 in a workweek.
True
What is the primary factor in determining if rest periods are considered time worked?
If the time is primarily for the benefit of the employee or employer.
When are trainees not considered employees?
When their training is similar to that given in vocational schools, is for their benefit, and does not displace regular workers.
What distinguishes tips from service charges?
Tips are discretionary, while service charges are mandatory fees added to a bill.
What are the characteristics of effective incentive programs?
1) Directed toward specific goals
2) Fair and easy to measure
3) Attainable
4) Substantial rewards
5) Linked to output
List the types of individual incentive programs.
1) Piecework Incentive Programs
2) Standard Hour Programs
3) Commissions
4) Bonus Plans
5) Pay for Knowledge
6) Merit Pay
What are federal mandatory benefits?
1) Social Security (FICA)
2) Unemployment Insurance
3) FMLA
4) Workers Compensation
What does the Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) provide?
Unpaid leave for medical reasons, birth or adoption of a child, or care for a family member with a serious health condition.
What are common reasons employees join unions?
1) Dissatisfaction with management
2) Seeking economic security
3) Assurance of comfortable working conditions
4) Poor grievance systems
What does the Wagner Act of 1935 establish?
Employees’ right to organize and engage in collective bargaining.
What is the first step in a union organizing drive?
Employees meet with the union.
What is the purpose of OSHA?
To ensure workplace safety and health standards.
What rights do employees have under OSHA?
1) Right to refuse unsafe work
2) Right to know about hazardous materials
3) Right to receive training on handling hazardous materials
What are the costs associated with employee turnover?
1) Separation Costs
2) Replacement Costs
3) Training Costs
4) Other Costs and Effects
What is the goal of discipline in hospitality organizations?
To promote positive behaviors and ensure proper conduct in the future.
What is the employment-at-will doctrine?
Management can terminate an employee at any time for any reason.
What should exit interviews aim to uncover?
The real reasons employees are leaving.
