Human Reproduction And Genetics Flashcards
Functions
2⃣The Fallopian tubes carry the eggs to the uterus, fertilisation occurs here
Functions of the female reproductive system
1⃣Ovaries store and release eggs
Functions
The uterus (womb) is where the fertilised egg becomes implanted and finds nourishment
Functions
The Cervix leads from the vagina to the uterus
Function
The vagina holds the male penis during sexual intercourse, forms the birth canal during childbirth.
Gamete
Is a sex cell
The male gamete
Is the sperm
The female gamete
Is the egg/ovum
Ovulation
An egg is released from the ovary an average of every 28 days
Fertile period
These are the days of the menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to become pregnant
Intercourse 2 or 3 days before,
During or after ovulation could lead to fertilisation because sperm cells can survive for this long
Testes
Produce sperm
The sperm duct
Brings the sperm from the testes to the penis
The glands and vesicles
Produce seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to form semen (allows sperm to swim)
Penis
Enters the female and ejaculates semen
Puberty
Puberty describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature (normally happens between the ages of 10 and 15)
Puberty in males
Sex hormones(testosterone) are released causing the voice to deepen, hair grows around the sex organs, face, chest and underarms, the testes and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm
Puberty in females
When the sex hormones(oestrogen and progesterone) are released the breasts develop, hips widen, and hair begins to grow on the body
Copulation
Is another name for sexual intercourse
Implantation
Occurs when the fertilised egg lodges itself on the lining of the uterus
Zygote
Egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell
Embryo
Division of the zygote occurs and it grows
Foetus
After 8 weeks looks like a human
Pregnancy
The average length of a human pregnancy is 40 weeks
Amniotic fluid
As the embryo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid called amniotic fluid
The fluid provides a cushion for the embryos
Amniotic fluid
The fluid provides a cushion for the embryos
This bursts during delivery of the baby “water breaking”
Umbilical cord
Joins the embryo to the placenta
Placenta
Is rich in blood vessels
It is here that food and oxygen from the mothers blood into the babies blood
Also wastes such as carbon dioxide pass from the babies blood into the mothers
Birth
Begins when the uterus muscles start to contract
The bag of amniotic fluid bursts “waters bursting” and further contractions push the baby out usually head first
The umbilical cord is cut and the placenta (afterbirth) comes out after
Labour
Muscles of the uterus contract
Family planning
To control the number of children you have you need to control the number of times fertilisation takes place
Natural methods of contraception
Aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoid intercourse during the fertile period
Artificial methods of contraception
Prevent the sperm and egg meeting
E.g condom which prevents sperm entering the vagina
E.g contraceptive pill which helps ovulation
Abstain
It is important to realise no method is 100% reliable. Abstain (do not have sexual intercourse ) from sex is the only way to avoid pregnancy
Condom
Can prevent pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STD’S) or sexually transmitted infections (STI’S)
