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Biology 2 > Human Reproduction and Development > Flashcards

Human Reproduction and Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Gonad

A

Organ in which sex cells develop

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2
Q

Ovaries

A

Female gonads

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3
Q

Testes

A

Male gonads

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4
Q

Gametes

A

sex cells

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5
Q

Ova/egg cells

A

Female gametes

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6
Q

Sperm cells

A

Male gametes

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7
Q

Ovum shape

A

Round, unable to move by itself

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8
Q

Contained within the ovum

A

nucleus, often stored food in yolk form

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9
Q

Size of ovum

A

Larger than same species’ sperm (human is .1 mm in diameter)

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10
Q

Sperm appearance

A

Head, middle piece, flagellum

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11
Q

Sperm head

A

contains nucleus (with chromosomes) and acrosome

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12
Q

acrosome

A

has enzymes that helps sperm penetrate egg

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13
Q

middle piece sperm

A

mitochondria giving sperm energy to move

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14
Q

flagellum

A

allows sperm to swim

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15
Q

How and where are sperm cells produced?

A

By meiosis, in the testes

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16
Q

Where are the testes located?

A

Scrotum

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17
Q

How many testes?

A

2

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18
Q

Scrotum

A

External pouch containing the testes

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19
Q

Temperature in scrotum

A

1-2 degrees celsius cooler then normal body temperature (34C) best for sperm production

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20
Q

Where are immature sperm formed?

A

seminiferous tubules

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21
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

Coiled tubes located within the testes

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22
Q

Where does the sperm pass after the seminiferous tubules?

A

Epididymis

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23
Q

Epidydimis

A

Storage area on upper part of each testus

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24
Q

Where are the sperm stored? How long does it take?

A

Epididymis, 18 hr

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25
Q

What happens after the sperm is released from the epididymis?

A

travels thru pathway of tubes til it leaves the body

26
Q

Where is sperm carried out into after the epididymis?

A

Vas deferns

27
Q

Vas deferens

A

tubules where the sperm is carried after epididymis

28
Q

What happens while the sperm is traveling through the vas deferns?

A

Different glands add fluid to sperm for nourishment and transport

29
Q

Semen

A

Mixture of fluid and sperm

30
Q

Glands that add fluid to sperm

A

prostate, Cowper’s glands, and seminal vesicles

31
Q

How is the activated sperm carried out of the body? Through what?

A

Involuntary muscle contractions via the urethra

32
Q

Where does the urethra extend from to?

A

From the bladder to the penis

33
Q

Penis

A

Structure specialized for internal fertilization

34
Q

What does the penis do with the sperm?

A

Directly deposits it into the female reproductive tract

35
Q

What hormone does the testes produce?

A

Testosterone

36
Q

What does testosterone control?

A

Beginning of puberty and expression of male secondary sex characteristics

37
Q

How and where are egg cells (ovum) produced?

A

Produced by meiosis in the ovary

38
Q

Singular ovum

A

ova

39
Q

How many ovaries does a female have?

A

2

40
Q

Where are the ovaries located?

A

Lower abdomen

41
Q

How many immature egg cells has a female produced at birth? Will she need them?

A

400,000. Not all of them, no.

42
Q

How many egg cells will a female release in her lifetime?

A

400.

43
Q

Where are the immature eggs of the female store?

A

The follicles of the ovary.

44
Q

Follicles of the ovary

A

Small sacs of the ovary

45
Q

How often does an egg cell mature?

A

Once a month

46
Q

What happens when an egg cell matures?

A

It is released from a follicle in an ovary

47
Q

Ovulation

A

The process of the egg cell maturing and being released from its follicle

48
Q

Oviduct/Fallopian tubes

A

Short tube that egg travels along when released

49
Q

Where do the fallopian tubes lead?

A

Uterus

50
Q

How does the egg move in the fallopian tubes?

A

Cilia lining the oviduct sweep the released egg into the tube

51
Q

What happens to the egg if there is sperm present?

A

It is fertilized in the oviduct.

52
Q

Uterus

A

Hollow, thick walled oval organ

53
Q

Where does development of the fertilized egg occur?

A

Uterus

54
Q

Cervix

A

Narrow neck contained by the uterus

55
Q

Common secondary sex characteristics

A

Growth of body hair, deepening of voice in men, growth of breasts in women

56
Q

Vagina/birth canal

A

Tube leading from the cervix to the outside of the body in a female

57
Q

Female hormones

A

Estrogen and progesterone

58
Q

Where are the female hormones produced?

A

Ovaries

59
Q

Mammary glands

A

Breasts

60
Q

What do the female hormones control?

A

Beginning of puberty and expression of secondary sex characteristics

61
Q

Study the diagram of the reproductive systems

A

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Biology 2 (10 decks)

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