Human Reproduction

Question 1

2 main types of reproduction

Answer 1

• Sexual
• Asexual

Question 2

Asexual reproduction

Answer 2

• Only genetically-identical organisms are produced by this type of reproduction
• Common in plants but also some animals

Question 3

Types of asexual reproduction

Answer 3

• Budding
• Regenration
• Fission

Question 4

In humans gametes are

Answer 4

• Eggs
• Sperm

Question 5

Zygote

Answer 5

• 46 chromosomes
• Divides over and over again over mitosis (millions of cells with 46 chromosomes), to produce a young organism/mass of cells
• Non of these processes are involved in asexual reproduction

Question 6

Nucleus of every cell in your body has

Answer 6

46 chromosomes

Question 7

DNA function

Answer 7

• Carries coded instructions called genes
• Genes tell the cell what sort of substance to make
• This code tells the cell what to do and how to grow

Question 8

Chromosomes + genes influence

Answer 8

• Your sex
• Your height
• The colour of your hair etc.

Question 9

Reproduction formula

Answer 9

Zygote (46 chromosomes) = Sperm (23 chromosomes) + (fused) Egg (23 chromosomes)

Question 10

Chromosomes are arranged in sets

Answer 10

1 set from mother
1 set from father

Question 11

Diploid cell

Answer 11

2 sets of chromosomes (46 chromosomes) e.g. you/human

Question 12

Haploid cell

Answer 12

1 set of chromosomes (23 chromosomes) e.g. gametes

Question 13

Male organism testes produces

Answer 13

• Sperm cells
• Males sex hormone: testosterone

Question 14

Hormone testosterone function

Answer 14

Causes sperm cells to mature

Question 15

Testes

Answer 15

• 2 on either side of penis: gonad
• Hang outside of body: scrotum holds testes outside body

Question 16

Function of scrotum

Answer 16

• Provides some protection against mechanical injury
• Main function: ensure testes are kept at temperatures 2 degrees below 37°C (body temperature)

Question 17

Sperm cells will not

Answer 17

Mature if they are kept at body temperature

Question 18

Penis

Answer 18

• Hangs between 2 testes
• Eraticle tissue in penis becomes filled with blood causing it to become hard and erect so that it can be inserted into vagina of female during copulation

Question 19

3 set of male glands

Answer 19

• Prostate (largest & unpaired)
• Cowper’s
• Seminal vesicle

Question 20

Male glands

Answer 20

Produce fluid which nourishes & provides the sperm cells with energy. Fluid provides liquid medium, in which sperm cells swim once released into body of female

Question 21

Prostate gland is situated

Answer 21

• Behind urethra
• Below bladder
• Close to the point where sperm ducts empty into urethra

Question 22

Female reproductive system consists of

Answer 22

• Ovaries
• Fallopian tubes (oviducts)
• Uterus
• Vagina

Question 23

Ovaries

Answer 23

2 (gonads) situated in lower part of abdomen of female (1 on either side)

Question 24

Female reaches puberty

Answer 24

Ovary releases an egg cell (female gamete) on a monthly basis

Question 25

Ovaries produce hormones:

Answer 25

• Oestrogen
• Progesterone

Question 26

Fallopian tubes

Answer 26

• 2 that transport egg cells from ovary to uterus
• Lined with cilia: sweep ovum toward uterus

Question 27

Ovaries function

Answer 27

• Produce ova
• Manufacture female sex hormones

Question 28

Walls of uterus

Answer 28

• Thick
• Muscular

Question 29

If egg is fertilised

Answer 29

• It implants in endometrium
• Will then receive nourishment and foetus develops

Question 30

During sexual intercourse

Answer 30

• Erect penis is inserted into vagina
• Semen (fluid + sperm cells) is released into vagina