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Biology > Defintions > Flashcards

Defintions Flashcards

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1
Q

Malnutrition

A

Incorrect proportions/amounts of nutrients are eaten for a prolonged period of time

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2
Q

Deficiency diseases

A

Diseases caused due to deficiency of nutrients of our food

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3
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

An eating disorder characterised by a fear of gaining weight and results in the person going on a restrictive diet

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4
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

An eating disorder characterised by periods of binge eating and then purging

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5
Q

Binge eating

A

The consumption of large quantities of food in a single sitting

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6
Q

Herbivore

A

An organism that mainly feeds on plants

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7
Q

Carnivore

A

An organism that mainly feeds on other organisms (animals/meats)

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8
Q

Omnivore

A

An organism that feeds on other organisms (plants and animals)

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9
Q

Ingestion

A

The first process in nutrition. It involves taking food into the mouth

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10
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Process that physically breaks the food to increase the surface area for enzyme action

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11
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Enzymes break complex nutrients into their monomer state so that absorption into the blood can occur

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12
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Chemical reaction where water is used to breakdown a compound

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13
Q

Salivary amylase

A

An enzyme that hydrolysis the starch to maltose (two molecules of glucose joined together)

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14
Q

Peristalsis

A

A series of involuntary contractions of muscles in the walls of the oesophagus-pushing the food towards the stomach

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15
Q

Cardiac sphincter

A

Located at the top of the stomach and prevents food from moving back into the oesophagus

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16
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Is located at the bottom of the stomach and stops food from moving into the small intestine until it is ready to do so

17
Q

Stomach

A

A muscular pouch-like enlargement of the digestive tract

18
Q

Churning

A

In the stomach, the food is mixed with gastric juices by peristalsis caused by the strong muscles of the stomach walls. This is an example of mechanical digestion

19
Q

Pepsin

A

An enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acid

20
Q

Protease

A

Enzymes that break down proteins

21
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

It makes the contents in the stomach acids, and also kills bacteria that may be in the food

22
Q

Mucin

A

A mucous secretion that protects the walls of our stomach from acid gastric juices

23
Q

Chyme

A

The food mixes with the gastric juices and then is digested forming a thick soup-like substance

24
Q

Bile

A

A watery, alkaline fluid that contains various salts

25
Q

Absorption

A

The movement of digested food molecules through the walls of the small intestine

26
Q

Villi

A

Millions of very small finger like projections that line the small intestine that is suitable for absorbing digested nutrients

27
Q

Lymph

A

Is the fluid that is drained by the lymph vessels from the tissues and cells

28
Q

Assimilation

A

The transportation and utilisation of nutrients

29
Q

Excretion

A

The process by which waste products of metabolism from the system of an organism are eliminated from the body

30
Q

Egestion

A

The act of/process of discharging undigested/waste materials from a cell

31
Q

Nephron

A

Basic unit of structure in the kidney

32
Q

Dialysis

A

Or hemodialysis, involves using a machine which filters the blood for the patient to remove waste products

33
Q

Kidney transplant

A

Replacing the failed kidney with a healthy one from a donor

34
Q

Kidney rejection

A

The recipients immune system recognises the transplant as non-self and destroys it

35
Q

Xenotransplantation

A

When cells, organs, tissues from one species are used to treat another species

Biology (4 decks)

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