🌽 Human: Recource management Flashcards
What is a consumer?
A person or group who purchases goods and services for personal use.
What is a producer?
A person who makes resources for consumers.
What is an import?
When a resource comes into another country.
What is an export?
When a resource is sent out to another country.
What are food miles?
The distance food travels from being produced to consumed.
What is water footprint?
The amount of water used by each person or group.
What is undernourishment?
Not eating enough sufficient nutrients.
What is agribusiness?
Agriculture conducted on strictly commercial principles.
What is organic farming?
Farming without pesticides, fertilizers and other chemicals.
What is a water deficit?
Not having enough water.
What is water surplus?
When demand for water<supply of water.
What is water stress?
Running low on water.
What is legislation?
A set of laws put in place.
What is energy mix?
The range of energy sources of a region of a country, both renewable and non-renewable.
What is fracking?
Pumping a mixture of sand and chemical laden water into shale rocks at high pressure.
What is a resource?
Any physical material that people need and value.
What is resource management?
The control and monitoring of resource so that they do not become depleted or exhausted.
What are the benefits of importing food from abroad?
- Cheaper
- In season
- Importing countries can earn jobs + money
- Access to more choices
- Energy efficiency
What are the issues of importing food from abroad?
- Pollution
- Reduce nutritional value
- Many chemicals used
- Lots of plastic used
What does organic mean?
Removing the use of chemicals in the production of food to benefit the environment and consumer’s health.
What are the positives of organic food?
- No fertilizers or pesticides
- Less waste
- Food is more flavourful
- Higher in vitamins and minerals
- Better for biodiversity
- Uses 30% less energy
What are the negatives of organic food?
- More expensive
- Can look imperfect
- Hard to convince public to buy
What is local produce?
Buying local food at farmers markets.
What are the positives of local produce?
- Readily available
- Fair price
- Eco-friendly (less CO₂)
- Varied and seasonal diet
- Less nutrition lost in transport
- Encourages local cultures + food
- Rural economies can survive
- Creates jobs + helps high streets survive
What are the negatives of local produce?
- Can’t get food out of season
- Can be more expensive
- May have to shop in multiple places
- Increase fuel cost
Why has agribusiness become a trend in the UK?
It increases food production + makes farms more efficient also increasing their profit.
What is water consumption?
The amount of water used.
Where is rainfall highest in the UK and why is this a disadvantage?
North West, because population density is higher in places of low rainfall.
What 8 sources are polluting the UK’s water
- Chemicals and pesticides
- Industrial hot water
- Untreated waste
- Rubbish
- Oil/pollution
- Sewage
- Runoff from roads
- Things from water disposal systems
What are the issues caused by poor water quality?
- Toxic waste can poison wildlife and can sometimes transfer to humans if they eat toxic animals
- Increased water temperature can kill wildlife
- Increased fertilizers can increase nutrients in the water, speeding up growth of algae leading to eutrophication meaning they’ll take all the oxygen in the water
- Pollution can kill important parts of the ecosystem
- Bacteria in sewage can cause infectious diseases
- People who need a clean water supply like farmers may suffer
What 6 ways can we manage water quality and how do they work?
- Pollution traps: These catch and filter pollution in rivers and watercourses
- Green roofs: They filter out pollutants naturally in rainwater and also reduce risk of flooding
- Waste water treatment: Better sewers and water mains can prevent spills and accidents, but are expensive
- Education campaigns: These inform the public about the damage caused by putting bad things into the sewage system
- Local water treatment: They remove suspended solids such as silt, soil, algae, bacteria and chemicals to produce clean water
- Legislation: The UK has strict laws about the amount and type of discharge they put in rivers.
What are fossil fuels?
A natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.
What is domestic energy production?
Energy generated within the boarders of your own country, decreasing the need for imported energy.
What are the challenges of fracking?
- Water contamination
- Earthquakes
- Over water use
- Can release methane
- Can release air pollution
- Disrupts local ecosystems
- Can be noisy
- Increased traffic
- Uses a lot of land
- Could recieve opposition from locals
What are the opportunities of fracking?
- Gives new jobs
- Potential to increase domestic energy production
- Local government and land owners may recieve revenue
- Less carbon intensive
- Could lower energy costs
- Could reduce dependence on fossil fuels
What is food security?
When all people have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food at all times.
What is food insecurity?
When people don’t have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food at all times.
Suggest two ways in which the global demand for food is increasing.
- Increasing population
- Increasing wealth
What is food waste?
Food that reaches the consumer but is throw away, not used or goes off.
What is sustainability?
Meeting our needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
What are some sustainability issues around food?
- Uncertainty of the future
- Packaging
- Chemicals in food
- Food waste
What factors affect food supply and why?
- Temperature: If you don’t have the right temperature you can’t grow food
- Rainfall: Plants need water to grow and if there is no rain they aren’t able to grow
- Technology: Things like harvesters and irrigation systems improve crop yield
- Pests and disease: These issues cause crops to die and therefore aren’t able to grow
- Water stress: Running low on water means you aren’t able to water crops as much and they can’t be as nutritious and will have a smaller yield
- Conflict: Wars and conflicts mean crops can be destroyed and not have anyone to look after them
What are some impacts of food insecurity?
- Food insecurity can cause widespread famines
- Shortages of food increase prices
- Water shortages and pollution can have an impact on the indigenous wildlife habitat
- Food insecurity causes death and undernutrition leading to weak immunity and disease
- In LICs, prices can cause basic foods to be too expensive
- Overgrowing leaves soil exposed
- The increased competition for scarce food leads to conflict
- 1 in 9 people suffer from chronic undernourishment
What strategies help to increase food production and how do they work?
- Irrigation: Artificially watering the land, most methods involve extracting water from rivers and underground water stores
- Aeroponics: When plants are grown in the air and sprayed with fine a water mist containing nutrients, speeding up plant growth and allows a bigger yield
- Hydroponics: Plants grown in water, roots planted in nutrient rich water and can be done anywhere
- Biotechnology: Uses living organisms to make or modify products so they produce higher yields
- Produces 50% of Europe’s fruit and veg
What are the advantages of Almería’s large scale agricultural development?
- Large amounts of cheap, temporary labour keep costs low
- Multiplier effect of job creation in packing and transportation
- Water efficiency has improved with a new desalination plant that supplies 60,000 m³/day of fresh water to the region
- The greenhouses have white surfaces that have lead to the cooling of the area, Almería’s temperature dropped by 0.3°
- Encouraged the advancement of hydroponics and so less water required due to drip irrigation and hydroponics
- Low energy costs due to all year round heat
- Strict UK regulations on quality have reduced levels of chemicals used and raised production standards
- Factories nearby can also gain income from producing and reusing plastic
What are the disadvantages of Almería’s large scale agricultural development?
- Aquifers are drying up and any rainwater does not recharge them as it is used up
- The immigrant labour is paid very low wages and often live and work in very poor conditions which can lead to conflicts
- Large amounts of litter and plastic waste are created, sometimes dumped in the sea
- Discarded plastic sheeting blocks riverbeds. The death of a sperm whale was found out to have eaten 17kg of plastic from Almería
- Temperatures can reach more than 45°C inside the greenhouses, many workers find it too hot to work
- 100,000 migrant workers with few rights
- Greenhouse production has a requirement of 800-1000mm per year but Almería receives 200mm yearly
What is food loss?
The loss of food before the food reaches the consumer.
