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GCSE Geography > 🌽 Human: Recource management > Flashcards

🌽 Human: Recource management Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a consumer?

A

A person or group who purchases goods and services for personal use.

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2
Q

What is a producer?

A

A person who makes resources for consumers.

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3
Q

What is an import?

A

When a resource comes into another country.

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4
Q

What is an export?

A

When a resource is sent out to another country.

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5
Q

What are food miles?

A

The distance food travels from being produced to consumed.

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6
Q

What is water footprint?

A

The amount of water used by each person or group.

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7
Q

What is undernourishment?

A

Not eating enough sufficient nutrients.

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8
Q

What is agribusiness?

A

Agriculture conducted on strictly commercial principles.

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9
Q

What is organic farming?

A

Farming without pesticides, fertilizers and other chemicals.

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10
Q

What is a water deficit?

A

Not having enough water.

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11
Q

What is water surplus?

A

When demand for water>supply of water.

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12
Q

What is water stress?

A

Running low on water.

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13
Q

What is legislation?

A

A set of laws put in place.

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14
Q

What is energy mix?

A

The range of energy sources of a region of a country, both renewable and non-renewable.

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15
Q

What is fracking?

A

Pumping a mixture of sand and chemical laden water into shale rocks at high pressure.

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16
Q

What is a resource?

A

Any physical material that people need and value.

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17
Q

What is resource management?

A

The control and monitoring of resource so that they do not become depleted or exhausted.

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18
Q

What are the benefits of importing food from abroad?

A
  • Cheaper
  • In season
  • Importing countries can earn jobs + money
  • Access to more choices
  • Energy efficiency
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19
Q

What are the issues of importing food from abroad?

A
  • Pollution
  • Reduce nutritional value
  • Many chemicals used
  • Lots of plastic used
20
Q

What does organic mean?

A

Removing the use of chemicals in the production of food to benefit the environment and consumer’s health.

21
Q

What are the positives of organic food?

A
  • No fertilizers or pesticides
  • Less waste
  • Food is more flavourful
  • Higher in vitamins and minerals
  • Better for biodiversity
  • Uses 30% less energy
22
Q

What are the negatives of organic food?

A
  • More expensive
  • Can look imperfect
  • Hard to convince public to buy
23
Q

What is local produce?

A

Buying local food at farmers markets.

24
Q

What are the positives of local produce?

A
  • Readily available
  • Fair price
  • Eco-friendly (less CO₂)
  • Varied and seasonal diet
  • Less nutrition lost in transport
  • Encourages local cultures + food
  • Rural economies can survive
  • Creates jobs + helps high streets survive
25
Q

What are the negatives of local produce?

A
  • Can’t get food out of season
  • Can be more expensive
  • May have to shop in multiple places
  • Increase fuel cost
26
Q

Why has agribusiness become a trend in the UK?

A

It increases food production + makes farms more efficient also increasing their profit.

27
Q

What is water consumption?

A

The amount of water used.

28
Q

Where is rainfall highest in the UK and why is this a disadvantage?

A

North West, because population density is higher in places of low rainfall.

29
Q

What 8 sources are polluting the UK’s water

A
  • Chemicals and pesticides
  • Industrial hot water
  • Untreated waste
  • Rubbish
  • Oil/pollution
  • Sewage
  • Runoff from roads
  • Things from water disposal systems
30
Q

What are the issues caused by poor water quality?

A
  • Toxic waste can poison wildlife and can sometimes transfer to humans if they eat toxic animals
  • Increased water temperature can kill wildlife
  • Increased fertilizers can increase nutrients in the water, speeding up growth of algae leading to eutrophication meaning they’ll take all the oxygen in the water
  • Pollution can kill important parts of the ecosystem
  • Bacteria in sewage can cause infectious diseases
  • People who need a clean water supply like farmers may suffer
31
Q

What 6 ways can we manage water quality and how do they work?

A
  • Pollution traps: These catch and filter pollution in rivers and watercourses
  • Green roofs: They filter out pollutants naturally in rainwater and also reduce risk of flooding
  • Waste water treatment: Better sewers and water mains can prevent spills and accidents, but are expensive
  • Education campaigns: These inform the public about the damage caused by putting bad things into the sewage system
  • Local water treatment: They remove suspended solids such as silt, soil, algae, bacteria and chemicals to produce clean water
  • Legislation: The UK has strict laws about the amount and type of discharge they put in rivers.
32
Q

What are fossil fuels?

A

A natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.

33
Q

What is domestic energy production?

A

Energy generated within the boarders of your own country, decreasing the need for imported energy.

34
Q

What are the challenges of fracking?

A
  • Water contamination
  • Earthquakes
  • Over water use
  • Can release methane
  • Can release air pollution
  • Disrupts local ecosystems
  • Can be noisy
  • Increased traffic
  • Uses a lot of land
  • Could recieve opposition from locals
35
Q

What are the opportunities of fracking?

A
  • Gives new jobs
  • Potential to increase domestic energy production
  • Local government and land owners may recieve revenue
  • Less carbon intensive
  • Could lower energy costs
  • Could reduce dependence on fossil fuels
36
Q

What is food security?

A

When all people have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food at all times.

37
Q

What is food insecurity?

A

When people don’t have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food at all times.

38
Q

Suggest two ways in which the global demand for food is increasing.

A
  • Increasing population
  • Increasing wealth
39
Q

What is food waste?

A

Food that reaches the consumer but is throw away, not used or goes off.

40
Q

What is sustainability?

A

Meeting our needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

41
Q

What are some sustainability issues around food?

A
  • Uncertainty of the future
  • Packaging
  • Chemicals in food
  • Food waste
42
Q

What factors affect food supply and why?

A
  • Temperature: If you don’t have the right temperature you can’t grow food
  • Rainfall: Plants need water to grow and if there is no rain they aren’t able to grow
  • Technology: Things like harvesters and irrigation systems improve crop yield
  • Pests and disease: These issues cause crops to die and therefore aren’t able to grow
  • Water stress: Running low on water means you aren’t able to water crops as much and they can’t be as nutritious and will have a smaller yield
  • Conflict: Wars and conflicts mean crops can be destroyed and not have anyone to look after them
43
Q

What are some impacts of food insecurity?

A
  • Food insecurity can cause widespread famines
  • Shortages of food increase prices
  • Water shortages and pollution can have an impact on the indigenous wildlife habitat
  • Food insecurity causes death and undernutrition leading to weak immunity and disease
  • In LICs, prices can cause basic foods to be too expensive
  • Overgrowing leaves soil exposed
  • The increased competition for scarce food leads to conflict
  • 1 in 9 people suffer from chronic undernourishment
44
Q

What strategies help to increase food production and how do they work?

A
  • Irrigation: Artificially watering the land, most methods involve extracting water from rivers and underground water stores
  • Aeroponics: When plants are grown in the air and sprayed with fine a water mist containing nutrients, speeding up plant growth and allows a bigger yield
  • Hydroponics: Plants grown in water, roots planted in nutrient rich water and can be done anywhere
  • Biotechnology: Uses living organisms to make or modify products so they produce higher yields
  • Produces 50% of Europe’s fruit and veg
45
Q

What are the advantages of Almería’s large scale agricultural development?

A
  • Large amounts of cheap, temporary labour keep costs low
  • Multiplier effect of job creation in packing and transportation
  • Water efficiency has improved with a new desalination plant that supplies 60,000 m³/day of fresh water to the region
  • The greenhouses have white surfaces that have lead to the cooling of the area, Almería’s temperature dropped by 0.3°
  • Encouraged the advancement of hydroponics and so less water required due to drip irrigation and hydroponics
  • Low energy costs due to all year round heat
  • Strict UK regulations on quality have reduced levels of chemicals used and raised production standards
  • Factories nearby can also gain income from producing and reusing plastic
46
Q

What are the disadvantages of Almería’s large scale agricultural development?

A
  • Aquifers are drying up and any rainwater does not recharge them as it is used up
  • The immigrant labour is paid very low wages and often live and work in very poor conditions which can lead to conflicts
  • Large amounts of litter and plastic waste are created, sometimes dumped in the sea
  • Discarded plastic sheeting blocks riverbeds. The death of a sperm whale was found out to have eaten 17kg of plastic from Almería
  • Temperatures can reach more than 45°C inside the greenhouses, many workers find it too hot to work
  • 100,000 migrant workers with few rights
  • Greenhouse production has a requirement of 800-1000mm per year but Almería receives 200mm yearly
47
Q

What is food loss?

A

The loss of food before the food reaches the consumer.

GCSE Geography (9 decks)

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