Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE Geography > 🏘️ Human: London HIC > Flashcards

🏘️ Human: London HIC Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

What is a megacity?

A

A city with a population of over 10 million.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is urbanisation?

A

The increasing proportion of people living in urban areas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why does urbanisation happen?

A
  • Migration
  • Natural Increase
  • Economic Development
  • Location
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are push factors?

A

Events or circumstances that force or encourage people to move.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are pull factors?

A

A positive factor that attracts people to move to a new area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some examples of push factors?

A
  • Land Scarcity
  • Political + Religious Persecution
  • Civil war
  • Flooding
  • Over Population
  • Lack of Services
  • High Crime
  • Poverty
  • Lack of Safety
  • Drought
  • Crop Failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some examples of pull factors?

A
  • Lower Risk From Natural Hazards
  • Higher Employment
  • Better Services
  • More Wealth
  • Hope for a New Life
  • Political Stability
  • More Fertile Land
  • Good Climate
  • Safer + Less Crime
  • Promise of Freedom
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define distribution.

A

The way in which something is spread over an area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is population density?

A

A measurement of the number of people in an area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the population of London?

A

Around 9.75 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is London significant nationally?

A
  • Generates approximately 30% of the UK’s GDP
  • Several major airports (LGW + LHR)
  • 800k people commute to work there everyday
  • Londoners earn 23% more than the UK average
  • 60% of Londoners have a degree
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is London significant internationally?

A
  • It’s ranked 2nd in the global city index
  • 37% of Londoners were born abroad
  • 30 million tourists in 2017
  • LHR had 79.2 million passengers in 2023
  • London’s stock exchange is the largest in the world
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which London borough has the most % of non-white people?

A

Newham with 71.1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the impacts of migration?

A
  • 1 in 20 immigrants claim benefits
  • Most migrants are from the EU
  • 6/10 of EU migrants come for work, aren’t enough jobs but government gets money
  • 26% of doctors are immigrants
  • 40% of London’s population are immigrants + everyone benefits from a thriving economy
  • Immigration is increasing
  • Immigrants set up new jobs by setting up their own companies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is London so ethnically diverse?

A
  • Countries like India, Nigeria and Jamaica were once apart of the British Empire so people from there share languages
  • London has many educational and job opportunities
  • Since 2007 there has been free movement of people within the EU, so more people have migrated here from the EU
  • With increasing advancements of technology more people are able to see what London is like and are therefore more attracted to live there
  • Increasing flows of transport like ferries, trains and planes it’s easier to travel to the UK
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the cultural impact of migration in London - Mini India?

A
  • There are Asian fashion shows for the large Asian population in London
  • In Ealing Broadway + Wembley, shops sell Indian food and clothing e.g sugar cane juice
  • Hindi is spoken, there’s a Hindu temple.
  • It feels and looks like you’re in India which means that London benefits from all of the culture and religion that comes from the area and the community
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the cultural impact of migration in London - Chinese Culture?

A
  • London has the largest Chinese New Year celebration outside of Asia
  • The day is full of 100 performers
  • China town has lots of shops and restaurants that allow lots of tourists to experience and learn about their culture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the cultural impact of migration in London - London Riots?

A
  • The death of a local black man at the hands of the police, initiated a series of riots
  • This was just one of many deaths of ethnic minorities in London
  • This created social breakdown, addiction, debt, poor education etc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the cultural impact of migration in London - Cultural Arts + Heritage?

A
  • 93% of ethnic minority workers in heritage industries in London are very well qualified but are not in top roles
  • 74% of ethnic minority workers are in non-skilled roles
  • 93% of the workforce in museums and galleries are white
  • The industry is beginning to recognise the need for greater diversity in culture + heritage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define cultural mix.

A

The existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define multiculturalism.

A

When multiple cultural traditions are not only accepted in society but also promoted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the advantages of cultural mix?

A
  • Enriches cultural life like foods, music, religions, languages + culture
  • Cultural events that celebrate multiculturalism
  • Makes us broadly tolerant and liberal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the challenges of cultural mix?

A
  • Integrating is hard
  • Ensuring immigrants can speak English + mix with other groups
  • Ghettos form, economically poorer cultural groups live in the poorest areas
  • Language translations put a strain on the NHS + schools
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some examples of recreation and entertainment in London?

A
  • Bars, restaurants and street entertainment
  • Sporting events e.g Wimbledon which attracted 700k attendees in 2023
  • Concert and cinema venues
  • Tourist attractions .g Buckingham Palace
  • West End shows
  • Multiple popular museums
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the top 3 reasons to live in London due to the economical opportunities?

A
  1. London houses a major world financial centre and a range of business specialisms
  2. London residents are more likely to be employed in managerial, professional or associate professional/ technical occupations that in the rest of the UK
  3. London makes up 22% of the UK which emphasises the extent of jobs + was responsible for 46% of the UK’s total gross value added
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is an integrated transport system?

A

All of the forms of transport link to one and other which includes public + private services.

27
Q

How does London have an integrated transport system?

A
  • Many UK motorways converge on London’s M25
  • LGW, LHR + LST are international hubs where buses congregate + trains link the airports to other London stations
  • TFL controls the underground, the red buses, the Docklands Light Railway + the overground. Using an ‘oyster card’, Londoners can use all of these transport systems and they all link
  • London has an integrated cycle network
  • However only 25% of journeys are on public transport so integration could be better
28
Q

What is the London Crossrail?

A

A completed railway project centred on London. It provides a high-frequency hybrid commuter rail and rapid transit system, known as the Elizabeth line.

29
Q

What are the benefits of the Crossrail?

A
  • Reduced journey times (Liverpool Street to Heathrow down by 35 mins)
  • Increased number of rail passenger journeys by 10%
  • Brings an extra 1.5 million people within a 45 min of central London
  • Provides more interchanges within the underground
  • Raised property values by 25% around stations near the Crossrail
  • Encourages further regeneration across London
  • Improved access for disabled people
30
Q

How does green space in London help environmental impacts?

A

Provides clean air (8.1 million trees in London) + helps to prevent flooding

31
Q

How many allotments are there in London?

A

30,000

32
Q

How much of green space is by open areas and domestic gardens?

A

62%

33
Q

How many wildlife species are there in London?

A

13,000

34
Q

What is urban greening?

A

Increasing the amount and proportion of green spaces in a city

35
Q

How does London provide for urban greening?

A
  • Local parks date back to the 19th century
  • 700 green roofs in central London, 17.5 hectares used as living spaces + to grow plants
  • Huge range of green spaces are open to Londoners e.g Hampstead Heath, Regents Park
  • Major new building projects take urban greening into account e.g The Olympic Village
36
Q

What is social deprivation?

A

The degree to which a person or a community lacks the things essential to human life, including money, housing and services.

37
Q

What is urban sprawl?

A

The growth of urban areas into the surrounding countryside

38
Q

What are commuter settlements?

A

Places where people live and travel elsewhere for work.

39
Q

What is the green belt?

A

Open space of land around cities on which there are strict planning controls to prevent urban development in the countryside, and further building development is not allowed

40
Q

What is dereliction?

A

When buildings are abandoned or left unoccupied, and areas of cities become dilapidated

41
Q

How many tickets were sold for the London 2012 Olympics?

A

9 million

42
Q

What is the example of an urban regeneration project?

A

Queen Elizabeth Park (Olympic Park) Stratford

43
Q

Why was the regeneration needed?

A

Newham was the second poorest borough and had a low average annual salary of £20k.

44
Q

What was hard to do, due to the lack of education and training for the youth?

A

Get jobs, afford things like housing and move away from the area

45
Q

What is Bed Zed?

A

An eco-neighbourhood in Sutton

46
Q

What are the features of Bed Zed?

A
  • Passive heating when warm air leaves, it draws in fresh air and warms it up
  • Lighting + electricity generated by solar panels
  • Air is cleaner due to less pollution
  • Mental health of residents is good because of less pollution
  • Roof gardens
  • Communal plants
  • Eco-friendly paint is used
  • Floor is parquet (wooden blocks) which uses recycled wood
47
Q

What is London’s leading eco-friendly building?

A

The Gherkin

48
Q

How is the gherkin in London sustainable?

A
  • Uses wind for ventilation
  • The interior is brightly lit
  • Double glazing to stop heat escaping
49
Q

How is traffic being addressed to make London more sustainable?

A
  • ULEZ charge of £15 deters people from driving into London
  • Sustrans encourages London councils to build more cycling routes + paths. They also go into schools to tell children about the importance of sustainable transport
  • Rental bikes encourage people to use bikes instead of cars
  • Solar panels on the roofs of London Red Buses and they use wooden floors instead of plastic ones
50
Q

What is Sustrans?

A

An organisation that encourages people to use bicycles

51
Q

What % of London is roads?

A

80%

52
Q

How many journeys are taken by bike daily in London?

A

730,000

53
Q

What does sustainable mean?

A

Something that can meet its needs without compromising future generations’ needs.

54
Q

What are features of sustainable urban living?

A
  • Energy Conservation
  • Water Conservation
  • Waste Recycling
  • Creating Urban Green Space
  • Urban Transport Strategies Reducing Congestion
55
Q

What is an ecological footprint?

A

The area of land or seas that is needed to produce all the inputs a city uses and to dispose its outputs.

56
Q

What are inputs in a city?

A

Food, Water, Energy and other resources like building material.

57
Q

What are outputs in a city?

A

Waste, Sewage and Pollution

58
Q

What are some water conservation schemes?

A
  • Collecting rainwater for use on gardens or for flushing toilets
  • Installing toilets that use less water to flush
  • Installing water meters so people have to pay for the water they use
  • Encouraging people to use less water
59
Q

What are some energy conservation schemes?

A
  • Promoting renewable energy over fossil fuels
  • Government incentives to make homes more energy efficient e.g allowing homeowners who generate electricity renewably to sell any excess energy to the national grid
  • Making sure that new homes that are built meet minimum energy efficiency requirements
  • Encouraging people to use less energy
60
Q

How does creating green space make people want to stay where they live?

A
  • They provide naturally cool areas where people can relax in very hot weather
  • They encourage people to exercise more and to use alternative transport e.g bikes. Which makes people healthier and less stressed
  • They make people feel happier by providing a break from the noise and bustle of the city
61
Q

What are ways in which green spaces have environmental benefits?

A
  • They reduce the risk of flooding by reducing surface runoff from rainfall and increasing absorption
  • They reduce air pollution by creating pockets of clean air
62
Q

What are some recycling schemes?

A
  • Collection of household recycling boxes
  • Recycling facilities for larger items e.g fridges
  • Websites like ‘Freecycle’ and ‘Freegle’, where items are offered for free so items can be used by others instead of thrown away
63
Q

What green spaces have been created in the east village?

A
  • 10 hectares of parkland with hundreds of planted trees and ponds, which encourages wildlife + helps purify the air
  • Green roofs on the residential blocks, encouraging more wildlife + slows down the rate at which water drains off
  • A wetland area with ponds where water is recycled - surrounded by parkland
  • A large central park + an adventure play for children
  • Shared private green space within each apartment block
  • An orchard with fruit trees + a children’s play area
64
Q

What has been done to make the East Village more energy efficient?

A
  • There is a combined heat + power system (CHP)
  • Energy use is at least 30% less than the average urban area
  • CHP is more efficient as it generates electricity and produces heat from burning biomass which is perfect for a small area

GCSE Geography (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions