human physiology

Question 1

bernouli principle

Answer 1

an increase in air flow causes a decrease in pressure

Question 2

magnus effect

Answer 2

spin ‘grips’ and causes air flow on one side to increase.
fast air flow = low pressure

Question 3

factors that affect the force of friction

Answer 3

surface area
velocity of object
surface conditions
downforce

Question 4

formula for speed

Answer 4

speed= distance/time

Question 5

formula for velocity

Answer 5

velocity= displacement/time

Question 6

formula for acceleration

Answer 6

acceleration= change in velocity/time= Xm/s2

Question 7

newtons first law of inertia

Answer 7

states that an object will remain stationary/motion until another force acts upon it.
on a goal kick the ball will remain stationary until someone kicks it (applies a force to it)

Question 8

newtons second law of acceleration

Answer 8

the acceleration of an object is directly proportionate to the force causing it to move.
the harder you kick a football the further it will go

Question 9

newtons third law of reaction

Answer 9

states that every action has a reaction
if you kick a football with 100N of force 100N of force will go back into your foot

Question 10

formula for weight

Answer 10

weight = mass x gravity

Question 11

how do you change from kg to newtons

Answer 11

multiply by 9.8

Question 12

factors that affect air resistance

Answer 12

velocity of moving object
frontal cross sectional area
shape and surface characteristics

Question 13

what is projectile motion

Answer 13

when an object is air born

Question 14

what will happen if air resistance is negligable

Answer 14

horizontal motion will stay the same

Question 15

factors that affect horizontal displacement

Answer 15

velocity of object
trajectory (45 degree angle)
height of release

Question 16

formula for momentum

Answer 16

momentum= velocity x mass

Question 17

what is angular motion

Answer 17

movement of a body round a fixed point

Question 18

factors that affect angular motion

Answer 18

mass of object
distrobution of mass
speed at which the body is spinning

Question 19

formula for angular momentum

Answer 19

angular momentum = angular velocity x moment of inertia

Question 20

what is moment of inertia

Answer 20

an objects reluctance to spin

Question 21

what is momentum

Answer 21

the energy a moving object posses

Question 22

what is laminar flow

Answer 22

smooth air flow

Question 23

what is turbulent flow

Answer 23

distorted air flow

Question 24

types of injury classifications

Answer 24

acute-happens in the moment
chronic- happens over time

Question 25

types of tissue

Answer 25

soft tissue- muscle, ligament, tendon, cartilage hard tissue- bone

Question 26

injury classification by diagnosis

Answer 26

open- skin is broken closed - skin remains intact

Question 27

what are fractures

Answer 27

hard tissue injury caused by external forces can be open or closed

Question 28

different types of fracture

Answer 28

closed simple fracture- internal break of the bone compound fracture - a break that is open, penetrates the skin green stick fracture-partial break of the bone (typically happens in children as there bones are bendier)

Question 29

what is a dislocation

Answer 29

bones at a joint are forced out of its position

Question 30

what is a strain

Answer 30

muscle is torn due to overloading/ineffective warm up

Question 31

sprain

Answer 31

torn ligament happens because of twisting eg. twisted ankle

Question 32

catagories of injury

Answer 32

grade 1-mild damage, joint remains stable grade 2- partial tear/ joint is loose grade 3- complete tear (rupture)

Question 33

what is a tendon tear

Answer 33

complete or partial tear of a tendon caused by excessive force whilst the muscle is lengthening

Question 34

what does a ligament join together

Answer 34

ligament joins bone to bone

Question 35

what does a tendon join together

Answer 35

a tendon joins bone to muscle

Question 36

characteristics of a type 1 muscle fibre

Answer 36

slow speed of contraction, high mitachondria desnity high cappilery density to help with gaseous exchange also have a smaller fibre diameter that allows for quicker gaseous exchange higher myoglobin content

Question 37

characteristics of a type 11a muscle fibre type

Answer 37

fatigue quicker than type 1 muscle fibres, medium store of mitachondria, cappileries and myoglobin. more powerful contractions than type 1, they also split ATP at a fast rate.

Question 38

characteristics of a type 11x muscle fibre

Answer 38

more rapid and powerful contractions, fatigue quickly because they are using anaerobic respiration which causes lactic acid as a product and you need oxygen to get rid of it.

Question 39

what is bradycardia

Answer 39

having a hr lower than 60bpm

Question 40

starlings law

Answer 40

the more blood that can be held in the heart means that there will be a stronger contraction. this is due to increased elasticity and contractility of the heart therefore increasing sv and co

Question 41

what is vascular shunting

Answer 41

vascular shunting links to redistribution of blood and vasodilation and vasoconstriction. helped by the vasomotor center.

Question 42

what is cardiovascular drift

Answer 42

a steady increase in heart rate after 10 mins of constant exercise

Question 43

structure of a vein

Answer 43

have valves to stop backflow of blood have narrow lumen thin walls

Question 44

structure of an artery

Answer 44

wide lumen thick muscular walls

Question 45

structure of a capillary

Answer 45

one cell thick walls to allow for efficient gaseous exchange large surface area

Question 46

electrical contraction of the heart

Answer 46

SA node - origin of the impulse AV node - delays the impulse for (0.1seconds) Bundle of his pukinji fibres