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pe mr brennan > human physiology > Flashcards

human physiology Flashcards

1
Q

bernouli principle

A

an increase in air flow causes a decrease in pressure

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2
Q

magnus effect

A

spin ‘grips’ and causes air flow on one side to increase.
fast air flow = low pressure

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3
Q

factors that affect the force of friction

A

surface area
velocity of object
surface conditions
downforce

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4
Q

formula for speed

A

speed= distance/time

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5
Q

formula for velocity

A

velocity= displacement/time

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6
Q

formula for acceleration

A

acceleration= change in velocity/time= Xm/s2

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7
Q

newtons first law of inertia

A

states that an object will remain stationary/motion until another force acts upon it.
on a goal kick the ball will remain stationary until someone kicks it (applies a force to it)

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8
Q

newtons second law of acceleration

A

the acceleration of an object is directly proportionate to the force causing it to move.
the harder you kick a football the further it will go

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9
Q

newtons third law of reaction

A

states that every action has a reaction
if you kick a football with 100N of force 100N of force will go back into your foot

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10
Q

formula for weight

A

weight = mass x gravity

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11
Q

how do you change from kg to newtons

A

multiply by 9.8

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12
Q

factors that affect air resistance

A

velocity of moving object
frontal cross sectional area
shape and surface characteristics

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13
Q

what is projectile motion

A

when an object is air born

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14
Q

what will happen if air resistance is negligable

A

horizontal motion will stay the same

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15
Q

factors that affect horizontal displacement

A

velocity of object
trajectory (45 degree angle)
height of release

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16
Q

formula for momentum

A

momentum= velocity x mass

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17
Q

what is angular motion

A

movement of a body round a fixed point

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18
Q

factors that affect angular motion

A

mass of object
distrobution of mass
speed at which the body is spinning

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19
Q

formula for angular momentum

A

angular momentum = angular velocity x moment of inertia

20
Q

what is moment of inertia

A

an objects reluctance to spin

21
Q

what is momentum

A

the energy a moving object posses

22
Q

what is laminar flow

A

smooth air flow

23
Q

what is turbulent flow

A

distorted air flow

24
Q

types of injury classifications

A

acute-happens in the moment
chronic- happens over time

25
Q

types of tissue

A

soft tissue- muscle, ligament, tendon, cartilage
hard tissue- bone

26
Q

injury classification by diagnosis

A

open- skin is broken
closed - skin remains intact

27
Q

what are fractures

A

hard tissue injury
caused by external forces
can be open or closed

28
Q

different types of fracture

A

closed simple fracture- internal break of the bone
compound fracture - a break that is open, penetrates the skin
green stick fracture-partial break of the bone (typically happens in children as there bones are bendier)

29
Q

what is a dislocation

A

bones at a joint are forced out of its position

30
Q

what is a strain

A

muscle is torn due to overloading/ineffective warm up

31
Q

sprain

A

torn ligament happens because of twisting eg. twisted ankle

32
Q

catagories of injury

A

grade 1-mild damage, joint remains stable
grade 2- partial tear/ joint is loose
grade 3- complete tear (rupture)

33
Q

what is a tendon tear

A

complete or partial tear of a tendon
caused by excessive force whilst the muscle is lengthening

34
Q

what does a ligament join together

A

ligament joins bone to bone

35
Q

what does a tendon join together

A

a tendon joins bone to muscle

36
Q

characteristics of a type 1 muscle fibre

A

slow speed of contraction, high mitachondria desnity
high cappilery density to help with gaseous exchange also have a smaller fibre diameter that allows for quicker gaseous exchange
higher myoglobin content

37
Q

characteristics of a type 11a muscle fibre type

A

fatigue quicker than type 1 muscle fibres, medium store of mitachondria, cappileries and myoglobin. more powerful contractions than type 1, they also split ATP at a fast rate.

38
Q

characteristics of a type 11x muscle fibre

A

more rapid and powerful contractions, fatigue quickly because they are using anaerobic respiration which causes lactic acid as a product and you need oxygen to get rid of it.

39
Q

what is bradycardia

A

having a hr lower than 60bpm

40
Q

starlings law

A

the more blood that can be held in the heart means that there will be a stronger contraction. this is due to increased elasticity and contractility of the heart therefore increasing sv and co

41
Q

what is vascular shunting

A

vascular shunting links to redistribution of blood and vasodilation and vasoconstriction. helped by the vasomotor center.

42
Q

what is cardiovascular drift

A

a steady increase in heart rate after 10 mins of constant exercise

43
Q

structure of a vein

A

have valves to stop backflow of blood
have narrow lumen
thin walls

44
Q

structure of an artery

A

wide lumen
thick muscular walls

45
Q

structure of a capillary

A

one cell thick walls to allow for efficient gaseous exchange
large surface area

46
Q

electrical contraction of the heart

A

SA node - origin of the impulse
AV node - delays the impulse for (0.1seconds)
Bundle of his
pukinji fibres

pe mr brennan (6 decks)

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