Human Origins Ch.5 Flashcards
Life was created by Intelligent beings but also able to evolve from one form to another.
Intelligent Design Theory
Life was existed by natural process. Once a species arose, it would change constantly by natural force known, through favorable conditions or various challenges.
* Charles Darwin
Natural Selection
Ideas of “ the survival of the fittest” is not by Charles Darwin but by a Sociologist (?) who stole Darwin’s evolutionary idea.
Herbert Spencer
Mechanism for natural selection
Mutation
Gene migration
Gene Drift
Changes in genetic levels ( happens all the time and never noticed.) Most mutations are harmful and dangerous but rarely become positive forces for changes.
Mutations
A new set of genes come from a different area and mixes with old population to creat a new population.
Gene Migration
When a size of a population is too small, there are reductions of variety, hence, everyone shares some genes
- where the ultimate home of the two legged creatures including humans
Gene Drift
Developed to protect our body from sun light ( ultra violet ray). Melanin is a chemical to protect our skin from U.V. Ray to course skin cancer.
Dark Skin
Developed to observe sun light to produced Vitamin D which is essential for the growth.
Light Skin
A group of related organisms that can “ Interbreed” and “produced” fertile offsprings
Species
Walking with two leg/using two legs to move around
Bipedalism
Types of adaptation
Genetic adaptation
Developmental adaptation
Cultural adaptation
Acclimatization
Changes in genetic levels ( can happen to any species )
Genetic adaptation
Animal growth and development can be influenced by non-genetic factors such as nutrition,diseases and social stresses
Developmental adaptation
Temporary adjustment in bodies of all species to environment
Cultural adaptation
Two legged creatures ( human and our ancestors)
- creatures with bipedalism
Hominid
Homo Erectus indifferent regions developed into modern human ( and races)
Multi regional origin
Modern human developed in a place ( E. Africa) then spread all over the world. Once they encountered the other huminid ( homo- Neanderthal), they replaced Neanderthals
Single Origin ( or replacement model)
Homo - Neanderthal( caveman ) and homo- Sapiens Sapiens interbred and created mixed population
Hybridization theory
Theory was a women who survived 160000 years ago passed down her mitochondria DNA and all the people in the world have her genes ( she is the genetic Eve and is from E. Africa)
Eve Theory
All the life forms were created by a powerful being (God) hence, there should be “NO Changes” after creation
Creationism
The beginning ( time of creation) 14 billion years ago
Deep time
Two legged creatures including humans and our ancestors
- genome project 2000
- DNA Structure 1953
Hominids
Bones become stone ( inorganic matters)
- study by :
Fossil
- paleoanthropology
